ART HISTORY 1060 SELU MIDTERM STUDY

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Aisles

a passage along either side of a nave, separated from the nave by a row of columns or piers.

Anamorphic

distorted image that is stretched out and must be viewed at an angle or with a mirror to see the image in its correct shape.

Appropriation

borrowing images, objects, or ideas and inserting them into another context. atmospheric perspective: a means of representing distance based on the way atmosphere affects the human eye, where details are lost, outlines are blurred, colors become paler, and color contrasts less pronounced.

Baptistry

building or room in a church reserved for the sacrament of baptism.

Barrel vault

also called a tunnel vault; a semi-cylindrical ceiling that consists of a single curve.

Basilica

a longitudinal building with multiple aisles and an apse, usually located at the east end.

Calligraphy

(Greek for “beautiful writing”) the art of expressive, decorative, or carefully descriptive hand lettering or handwriting.

Cartoon

derived from the Italian word cartone, which refers to a large piece of paper; a to-scale drawing made in preparation for a wall painting.

Cartouche

a carved or painted box, tablet, shield, or scroll that provides an inscription

Central plan

a design for an architectural structure, whether round, polygonal, or cruciform, that features a primary central space surrounded by symmetrical areas.

Chiaroscuro

in two-dimensional artworks, the use of light and dark contrasts to create the impression of volume when modeling three-dimensional objects and figures.

Classical column orders

a codified grouping of columns and capitals that originated in ancient Greece with the Doric order (a spare, round capital), Ionic order (a scrolled capital), and Corinthian order (an ornate capital with acanthus leaves), to which the ancient Romans added the Tuscan order (a variant on the Doric) and Composite order (a mixture of the Ionic and Corinthian).

Coffer, coffered

a recessed panel, or series of panels, in a ceiling.

Continuous narrative

multiple events combined within a single pictorial frame.

Contrapposto

from the Italian for “counterpoise,” a posture of the human body that shifts most weight onto one leg, suggesting ease and potential for movement.

Corbeled vault

an arched ceiling constructed by offsetting successive rows of stone (corbels) that meet at the top to form an arch shape.

Diptych

a two-part work of art, often two panels attached together.

Dome

a roof that projects upward in the shape of the top half of a sphere.

Drum

(1) cylindrical stone block that forms part of a column.(2) a wall (most often cylindrical) that supports a dome.

Engraving

a printmaking technique where the artist gouges or scratches the image into the surface of the printing plate; the engraved lines are filled with ink, which is transferred to the paper during the printing process.

Façade

any exterior vertical face of a building, usually the front.

Figurative

art that portrays human or animal forms.

Flying buttress

in architecture, a supporting pier that extends, or “flies,” from an external wall, with an arch that provides additional support to the wall while allowing space for windows.

Foreshortening

in two-dimensional artworks, the illusion of a form receding into space: the parts of an object or figure closest to the viewer are depicted as largest, those furthest as smallest.

Fresco

a wall or ceiling painting on wet plaster (also called true fresco or buon fresco); wet pigment merges with the plaster, and once hardened the painting becomes an integral part of the wall; painting on dry plaster is called fresco secco.

Gothic

western European medieval style primarily of the mid-twelfth to fifteenth centuries, characterized in architecture by the use of pointed arches and rib vaults.

Hierarchical scale

the use of size to denote the relative importance of subjects in an artwork.

High relief

raised forms that project far from a flat background.

Hip roof

a roof that slopes upward from all four sides of a building.

Iconography

the visual images or symbols used by artists within their work to convey specific meaning.

Idealized

a depiction that is more beautiful and perfect than the actual subject.

Illuminated manuscript

an illustrated, handwritten book, with such decorative elements as ornate initials, chapter headings, text borders, and framed images that supplement the text.

Italo-Byzantine

synonym for maniera greca.

Loggia

a covered gallery or walkway open on one or more sides and supported by columns or arches.

Lost-wax casting

a method of creating metal sculpture in which a clay mold surrounds a wax model and is then fired; when the wax melts away, molten metal is poured in to fill the space.

Low relief

(also called bas-relief) raised forms that project only slightly from a flat background.

Maniera greca

Italian for “Greek manner,” a style characterized by flat figures placed within a shallow space set against a gold background; a synonym for Italo-Byzantine style.

Mannerism

particular stylistic characteristics—intellectual sophistication and artificial elegance—found in sixteenth-century European art.

Material culture

the materials, objects, and technologies that accompany everyday life.

Medallion

a circular or oval-shaped emblem.

Millefleur

a tapestry background characterized by a green meadow populated with a profusion of plants and flowers; literally translates as “a thousand flowers.”

Monogram

a motif made from letters, often overlapping or formed in a distinctive way to create a symbol.

Mosaic

a picture or pattern made from the arrangement of small colored pieces of hard material, such as stone, tile, or glass

Narthex

the entrance hall or vestibule of a church.

Nave

the central aisle of a basilica or a church.

Oculus

(plural oculi) a round, eye-like opening in a ceiling or roof.

Orthogonal

when creating perspective in two dimensions, the diagonal parallel lines (visible or invisible) that recede from an object in the foreground or midground to a vanishing point on the horizon line.

Pediment

an architecture the triangular component that sits atop a columned porch doorway or window.

Perspective

the two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object or a volume of space.

Pictorial narrative

storytelling in pictures that presents a connected sequence of events.

Plateresque

a Spanish late Gothic and early Renaissance architectural style that consists of intricate low-relief carving with rich surface detail that recalls work in silver and other precious metals.

Polychrome

displaying several different colors.

Polyptych

a work of art with more than three parts, usually attached together.

Porcelain

a smooth, translucent ceramic made from kaolin clay fired at very high temperatures.

Portico

a projecting structure with a roof supported by columns typically functions as a porch or entrance.

Predella

a wooden step or platform that supports an altarpiece and is often painted with related scenes.

Putto

(plural putti) a chubby male child usually nude and sometimes winged.

Registers

a horizontal section of a work, usually a clearly defined band or line

Renaissance

a period of classically inspired cultural and artistic change in Europe from approximately the fourteenth to the mid sixteenth centuries.

Rib-vault

a vault consisting of numerous intersecting ribs, often associated with Gothic architecture.

Tapestry

a decorative textile in which pictures and/or designs are woven into the fabric.

Tempera

a fast-drying paint made from a mixture of powdered pigment and a binding agent, typically egg yolk.

Triptych

a three-part work of art, often three panels attached together.

Trompe l’oeil

from the French meaning to “deceive the eye”; a visual illusion in art, in which a painted image appears as a three-dimensional object.

Tympanum

(plural tympana) a lunette-shaped space above a portal; often filled with relief sculpture.

Vanishing point

when discussing perspective in two dimensions, the point on the horizon at which parallel lines seemed to converge and disappear.

Volute

a decorative element in the form of a coiled scroll.

Woodcut

a relief printing process where the image is carved into a block of wood; the raised areas are inked.

Who created Madonna and Child Enthroned with Angels and Prophets?

Cimabue

When was Madonna and Child Enthroned with Angels and Prophets created?

1280

How was Madonna and Child Enthroned with Angels and Prophets created?

Tempera on panel

What style is Madonna and Child Enthroned with Angels and Prophets?

Italo-Byzantine

Who created Madonna and Child Enthroned?

Giotto di Bondone

When was Madonna and Child Enthroned created?

1305 to 1310

How was Madonna and Child Enthroned created?

Tempera on panel

What style is Madonna and Child Enthroned?

Proto-Renaissance/Early Renaissance

Who created Annunciation?

Fra Angelico

When was Annunciation created?

Begun in 1439

How was Annunciation created?

Fresco

What style is Annunciation?

Early Renaissance

Who created David (1) ?

Donatello

When was David (1) created?

1440

How was David (1) created?

Bronze

What style is David (1)?

Early Renaissance

Who created the Birth of Venus?

Sandro Botticelli

When was the Birth of Venus created?

1482

How was the Birth of Venus created?

Tempera on canvas

What style is the Birth of Venus?

Early Renaissance

Who created Christ Delivering the Keys to Saint Peter?

Perugino

When was Christ Delivering the Keys to Saint Peter created?

1481 to 1483

How was Christ Delivering the Keys to Saint Peter created?

Fresco

What style is Christ Delivering the Keys to Saint Peter?

Early Renaissance

Who created the Feast of Herod?

Donatello

When was the Feast of Herod created?

1427

How was the Feast of Herod created?

Gilt bronze panel on the base of the baptismal font

Where is the Feast of Herod located?

Baptistery of San Giovanni, Siena Cathedral, Italy

What style is the Feast of Herod?

Early Renaissance

Who created Camera degli Sposi?

Andrea Mantegna

When was Camera degli Sposi created?

1465 to 1474

How was the Camera degli Sposi created?

Fresco