Quantitative Research Methods and Data Collection

Flashcards covering key concepts in Quantitative Research Methods and Data Collection, focusing on sampling techniques and research ethics.

What are non-random sampling techniques?

Non-random sampling techniques include convenience sampling and voluntary response sampling.

What is a convenience sample?

A convenience sample consists of individuals from the population who are easy to reach.

What is voluntary response sampling?

Voluntary response sampling consists of individuals who choose to be in the sample by responding to a general invitation.

What are random sampling techniques?

Random sampling techniques include simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster random sampling, and systematic random sampling.

What is sampling variability?

Sampling variability refers to the fact that different random samples from the same population produce different estimates.

How is a simple random sample generated?

To generate a simple random sample, you number the population members, use a random number generator to select n different numbers, and create the sample from those selected.

Describe stratified random sampling.

In stratified random sampling, the population is divided into subgroups (strata) based on specific characteristics, and random samples are drawn from each stratum.

What is systematic sampling?

Systematic sampling involves selecting individuals based on a fixed interval from a randomly selected starting point.

What is bias in the context of sampling?

Bias refers to the systematic error or tendency of a statistical estimator to consistently deviate from the true value of the population parameter.

What are the ethical principles in research?

Ethical principles in research include obtaining informed consent, ensuring confidentiality, and having studies reviewed by an institutional review board.