AP HUMAN GEO

What is Relocation Diffusion?

Spread through migration.

Give an example of Relocation Diffusion.

Pizza brought to the U.S. by Italian immigrants.

What is Expansion Diffusion?

Spread through exchange without migration.

What is Contagious Diffusion?

Rapid and widespread diffusion, such as Blues music.

What is Hierarchical Diffusion?

Spread from important places or people, such as cell phones.

What is Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion?

Spread from lower to upper class, such as tattoos.

What is Stimulus Diffusion?

Core idea adopted but modified, such as McDonald's menus in India.

What is Colonialism?

Domination by one state over another.

What is Imperialism?

Extending power for political and economic control.

What is Cultural Convergence?

Cultures become similar through interaction.

What is Cultural Divergence?

Conflicts or barriers making cultures less alike.

Define Diaspora.

Scattered populations with shared origins, e.g., Jewish diaspora.

What does Acculturation mean?

Adoption of traits from a dominant culture.

What is Assimilation?

Loss of original traits in favor of another culture.

What is Syncretism?

Fusion of old and new ideas.

What does Multiculturalism recognize?

Multiple cultural identities.

What is Cultural Appropriation?

Adoption of elements from another culture.

What is Time-Space Compression?

Technology reduces the feeling of distance.

What are Language Families?

The largest groups of languages, e.g., Indo-European.

What are Language Branches?

Subgroups with shared origins, e.g., Romance languages.

Define Standard Language.

Most widely accepted language for government use.

What is an Official Language?

Designated by law.

What is a Dialect?

Regional variations of a language.

Define Isogloss.

Geographic boundary of a linguistic feature.

Name a factor affecting Language Diffusion.

Colonialism and conquest.

What is a Lingua Franca?

Bridge language, such as English in Nigeria.

What is Pidgin?

A simplified mix of two languages, like Spanglish.

Define Creole language.

A formalized mixed language, such as Swahili.

What is Basque in linguistic terms?

An isolate language with no connections.