midterm review HOBBES

state of nature

• condition without government or laws

• life is solitary, nasty, brutish, and short

• war against all

• everyone is equal in ability

passions inclining men towards peace

• death

• comfortable living

• work securing benefits

principle causes of quarrel

• competition caused by gain

• distrust caused by safety

• desire for glory caused by reputation 

contractarianism

everyone gives up freedoms in exchange for security

contract

mutual transference of rights

implicit contract

inferred

explicit contract

expressed

liberty

the absence of eternal impediments

right of nature

each person has the freedom to use their power for self-preservation

law of nature

forbids actions destructive to life and self preservation

1st law of nature

• seek peace and follow it

• if peace fails, resort to war

2nd law of nature

• golden rule

• be willing to abandon your right to all things, just as others do the same

• when everyone thinks they are entitled to all, war arises 

3rd law of nature

• keep the agreements that you have made

• sovereign power enforces the laws and punishes those who break them