Psych 213W - Ch 5 - Selecting Research Participants

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19 Terms

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Sampling
The process of selecting a relatively small group of individuals to take part in a research study.
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Population
The larger group of interest to a researcher from which a sample is selected.
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Sample
The small set of individuals who participate in the research study.
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Target Population
The total group of participants defined by the researcher’s specific interests.
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Accessible Population
The targeted set of individuals that a researcher can realistically involve in the study.
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Representative Sample
A sample with the same (or nearly the same) characteristics as the population.
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Sampling Error (Bias)
Occurs when a sample’s characteristics are noticeably different from those of the population.
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Law of Large Numbers
Larger samples will most likely be more representative of the population than smaller samples.
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Probability Samples
A sampling method where each individual in the population has a specified probability of selection.
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Nonprobability Samples
A sampling method where the odds of selecting a particular individual are unknown.
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Simple Random Sampling
Participants are selected from a list containing all members of the total population with equal chances.
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Systematic Sampling
Every nth participant is selected from a list containing the total population.
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Stratified Random Sampling
The population is divided into subgroups, and equal numbers are randomly selected from each subgroup.
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Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling
Participants from each stratum are selected randomly, corresponding to proportions in the population.
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Cluster Sampling
Clusters are randomly selected from a list of all clusters that exist in a population.
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Haphazard Sampling
A population subgroup selection based on a 'hit-or-miss' strategy.
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Purposive Sampling
A nonrandom sample chosen for a specific characteristic it possesses.
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Convenience Sampling
Participants obtained by selecting those who are available and willing.
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Quota Sampling
Type of convenience sampling where subgroups are identified based on some characteristic.