Hesi A2 2025 Chemistry

If a Hydrogen is in a compound, what would its oxidation number be?

+1

What is the oxidation number of any simple ion?

+1 or -1 depending on the charge of the ion

How many kilograms are in a pound?

0.453592 kg

What is the temperature for freezing point of water in Celsius?

0 degrees Celsius (32°F for Fahrenheit)

What is the conversion of Celsius to Fahrenheit?

0°C = 32°F

What is the oxidation number of an element atom?

0

What is the freezing point of sea water in Fahrenheit?

0°F

How many amino acids are in a dipeptide?

2

If Oxygen is in a compound, what would its oxidation number be?

-2

Which of the following pH values would lemon juice likely have?

2 because the lower the pH value, the more acidic

What is a pentose?

A 5 carbon sugar (Pent = 5) (ose = sugar)

What is the oxidation state of the Sulfur atom in Sulfuric Acid H2SO4?

6

How many neutrons does carbon 14 have?

8 ( mass# - atomics # = neutrons) 14 - 6 = 8

How many protons does Potassium have?

19

How many amino acids are essential for human life?

20 amino acids

Normal body temperature in °C?

37°C

Normal body temperature in °F?

98.6°F

Boiling point of water in °C?

100°C

Boiling point of water in °F?

212°F

0°K is equal to °C?

-273°C

The term Amphoteric means?

A substance that can act as both a base & acid

What is Kelvin based around?

Absolute zero

A compound that is a Hydrogen or proton donor, corrosive to metals, causes blue litmus

paper to become red and becomes less acidic when mixed with a base is?

Acid

Mixture of 2 or more metals are?

Alloys

Acids:

• pH less than 7.0

• sour/tart

• Formulas begin with H (Hydrogen)

• Proton Donor

26. 3 types of radiation

3 types of radiation in nuclear chemistry?

Alpha, Beta & Gamma

Alpha radiation:

Emission of Helium (He) ions in the nuclei

* Contains 2 protons & 2 neutrons.

* +2 Charge

* Largest radiation particle.

* Can be stopped by piece of paper

Proteins are made up of?

Amino Acids

Glycogen is what kind of starch?

Animal Starch

When a electron gains one or more electrons?

Anions

Basic building block of a molecule?

Atom (NOT CELL!!)

Atomic mass?

Average mass of a elements isotope

Atomic #:

Atomic #:

# of protons in nucleus of an atom

Base?

• A Hydrogen or proton ACCEPTOR & has hydroxide group in the makeup of the

molecule• Produce -OH

• Bitter, slippery, conduct electricity, formulas contain -OH

• pH value greater than 7.0

• Proton acceptor

Key note:

Acids are Proton donors as Bases are proton acceptors

Beta radiation:

• Decomposition product of a proton or neutron

• High speed/energy Electrons

• EITHER - charged electrons or + charged positrons

• Can be stopped by aluminum foil

What is Biochemistry?

Study of substances & processes occurring in living things

Fahrenheit is based off of?

Body temperature

How does ↑ Surface area speed up chemical reactions?

By ↑ areas of contact where chemical reactions can occur

How do catalyst accelerate a chemical reaction?

By reducing the amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur

What does COOH symbolize?

A Carboxyl group

Which of the following is not a solution type?

Catalyst

Define Catalyst.

Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction.

What is an atom called when it LOSES 1 or more electrons?

Cations

What is chemical bonding?

The joining of atoms to form new substances. 2 types: ionic & covalent bonding

What is a Ionic bond?

• Electrical attraction between 2 oppositely charged atoms groups of atoms called

ions

• (between metals & nonmetals)

Ionic bonding?

Chemical bond that's formed when an atom transfers a electron to another atom.

(steals)

Single Covalent bond?

• Chemical bond that shares 1 electron pair

• Formed by non-metals

What are chemical reactions?

Making & breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in composition of matter

Double Covalent bond?

When 2 electron pairs are shared

Triple Covalent bond?

When 3 electron pairs are shared

The following is an example of?

Combustion reaction

2C2H6 (g) + 7O2 (g) 4CO2(g) + 6H2O

What is a combustion reaction?

A chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with Oxygen, releasing energy

in the form of heat & light

What is a compound?

• Combination of 2 or more elements or atoms.

• Made up of atoms of 2 or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

Different types of solutions?

Compounds, Alloys, Amalgams, Emulsions

Strongest type of chemical bond?

Covalent

What is a decomposition reaction?

A SINGLE compound breaks down to form 2 or more simpler substances

What is Deoxyribose?

A sugar used in the formation of DNA

Attractions between opposite charges of polar moles?

Dipole-dipole forces

What is a Disaccharide?

A double sugar molecule made of 2 monosaccharides bonded together through

dehydration synthesis.

When 2 monosaccharides are joined together this makes?

Disaccharide

Type of chemical bond that share 2 electron pairs?

Double covalent bond

Example of double replacement?

AB + CD = AD + CB

Example of Single replacement?

A + BC B + AC

Group of electrons revolving around the nucleus of an atom, or known as a cloudlike

group of electrons?

Electron clouds

Mixtures of matter that readily separate such as water and oil?

Emulsion

3 common temperature systems?

Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin

Celsius is based around?

Freezing & boiling point of water

What is reduction?

GAIN of electrons

Gamma radiation:

• Similar to xrays

• Can be stopped by several feet of concrete or several inches of Lead

• High energy electromagnetic radiation lacking charge and mass

Unit measure of weight?

Gram

Basic units of METRIC system?

Gram, Liter Meter

What are Hydrogen bonds?

Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom & another atom

Examples of intermolecular forces?

Hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole, dispersion forces

4 basic ways to speed up a reaction?

↑ temperature, ↑ Surface area, ↑ catalyst & concentration

What are intermolecular forces?

Forces of attractions between molecules

Where are nucleic acids, DNA & RNA found?

Cell nucleus

Atoms of the same element but have different numbers of neutrons?

Isotope

Gluconeogenesis is a process that produces?

Glucose from proteins and fats

What is oxidation?

Loss of electrons (OIL)

A way to express concentration of atoms?

Mole

What is reduction?

Gain in electrons (RIG)

Part of the nucleus of an atom that has no charge?

Neutron

What is the Molarity Formula?

SoluteLiters of Solution=Molarity

Single sugar molecules?

Monosaccharides

How does ↑ concentration cause reaction acceleration?

More potential for contact (chemical reaction)

Which is a example of a ionic bond?

NaCl (Sodium Chloride) because it does not have a charge

In a covalent bond compound, if the electrons are shared equally, then the bond is?

Non-polar (water loving, equal)

The study of changes that occur in atomic nuclei?

Nuclear Chemistry

Polar Covalent bond?

Unequal sharing of electrons

When 3-6 monosaccharides join together this is called?

Polysaccharide

Emission of particles or energy from a unstable nucleus?

Radioactivity

Particles that are emitted during radioactivity?

Radiation

Ractant is?

A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction.

Reactant Product

A substance that is dissolved in a solution?

Solute

A homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances?

Solution

Liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances?

Solvent

Define stoichiometry.

Calculation of quantities in chemical reactions

Combining parts into a whole is? Or synthesis is?

• Synthesis

• Chemical reaction in which 2 elements combine to form a product

How many electrons does an Oxygen ion have?

10 (Atomic # of 8 & is in group VIA which has a -2 charge, which means it has 2 more

electrons than the 8 protons)