Module 3: Reproductive System

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Get a hint
Hint
<p>In regards to male organs…</p><ul><li><p>testes secrete what 2 things?</p></li><li><p>prostate gland produces and expels what?</p></li><li><p>vas deferens for transport of semen from where?</p></li><li><p>secondary sex characteristics</p></li><li><p>metabolic support</p></li></ul>

In regards to male organs…

  • testes secrete what 2 things?

  • prostate gland produces and expels what?

  • vas deferens for transport of semen from where?

  • secondary sex characteristics

  • metabolic support

Get a hint
Hint
  1. testosterone and sperm

  2. fluid for semen

  3. testicles

Get a hint
Hint
<p>In regards to female organs..</p><ul><li><p>ovaries secrete what two things?</p></li><li><p>uterus houses fetus during ?</p></li><li><p>fallopian tubes transport what?</p></li><li><p>breasts contain ?</p></li><li><p>ovulation, pregnancy, secondary sex characteristics</p></li><li><p>metabolic and bone/CV/brain health</p></li></ul>

In regards to female organs..

  • ovaries secrete what two things?

  • uterus houses fetus during ?

  • fallopian tubes transport what?

  • breasts contain ?

  • ovulation, pregnancy, secondary sex characteristics

  • metabolic and bone/CV/brain health

Get a hint
Hint
  1. estrogen and progesterone

  2. pregnancy

  3. ovum

  4. mammary glands

Card Sorting

1/39

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

40 Terms

1
New cards
<p>In regards to male organs…</p><ul><li><p>testes secrete what 2 things?</p></li><li><p>prostate gland produces and expels what?</p></li><li><p>vas deferens for transport of semen from where?</p></li><li><p>secondary sex characteristics</p></li><li><p>metabolic support</p></li></ul>

In regards to male organs…

  • testes secrete what 2 things?

  • prostate gland produces and expels what?

  • vas deferens for transport of semen from where?

  • secondary sex characteristics

  • metabolic support

  1. testosterone and sperm

  2. fluid for semen

  3. testicles

2
New cards
<p>In regards to female organs..</p><ul><li><p>ovaries secrete what two things?</p></li><li><p>uterus houses fetus during ?</p></li><li><p>fallopian tubes transport what?</p></li><li><p>breasts contain ?</p></li><li><p>ovulation, pregnancy, secondary sex characteristics</p></li><li><p>metabolic and bone/CV/brain health</p></li></ul>

In regards to female organs..

  • ovaries secrete what two things?

  • uterus houses fetus during ?

  • fallopian tubes transport what?

  • breasts contain ?

  • ovulation, pregnancy, secondary sex characteristics

  • metabolic and bone/CV/brain health

  1. estrogen and progesterone

  2. pregnancy

  3. ovum

  4. mammary glands

3
New cards

what is the prevalence of erectile dysfunction?

52% of men generally >40 y.o , increases by age group

4
New cards

what are the risk factors and etiology of erectile dysfunction? (7)

  1. diabetes is #1

  2. coronary heart dz / vessel dz

  3. HTN

  4. anxiety/depression or other mental health disorder

  5. excessive alcohol consumption

  6. pelvic floor dysfunction

5
New cards

what are some presentation/subjective characteristics of erectile dysfunction? (5)

  1. difficulty/inability to establish and/or maintain erection

  2. premature ejaculation

  3. pain w ejaculation

  4. pain w intercourse

  5. DDx/comorbid peyronie’s dz (trauma-induced curvature); prostate dysfunction

6
New cards

what is the tx for erectile dysfunction?

  1. lifestyle changes

  2. pharmacological intervention

  3. PT implications:

    1. primary intervention can be your ability to perform tailored education

    2. rapport w pt

7
New cards

what is endometriosis?

endometrial tissue growth outside the uterus, commonly on ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other pelvic organs but sometimes far away from pelvic area

8
New cards

what is the average amount of years from onset of symptoms to get a diagnosis endometriosis via laparoscopy?

7-12 yrs

  • US/MRI not yet fully diagnostic

9
New cards

what is the common presentation and associated comorbidities/DDx (inflammatory responses) of endometriosis? (part 1 - 6 symptoms)

  1. abdominal/LBP, often patterned w menstrual cycle

  2. dysmenorrhea, excessive bleeding during menses, intermenstrual bleeding

  3. SIBO/IBS, severe bloating or abdominal distention

  4. interstitial cystitis

  5. constipation/bowel dysfunction, hemorrhoids/fissures, diarrhea, nausea

  6. pelvic floor dysfunction

10
New cards

what is the common presentation and associated comorbidities/DDx (inflammatory responses) of endometriosis? (part 2 - 7 symptoms)

  1. pain with intercourse

  2. infertility

  3. central sensitization/widespread pain/ hyperalgesia

  4. fibroids, adenomyosis, PCOS, fibromyalgia, pelvic inflammatory dz

  5. higher risk of autoimmune conditions (Hashimoto’s, celiac, sjogren’s, MS, eczema, RA, systemic lupus)

  6. anxiety/depression

  7. jt pain/ stiffness upon walking

11
New cards

what are the risk factors for endometriosis? part 1 (6 factors)

  1. family hx of endometriosis

  2. toxin exposure in utero

  3. infertility/never giving birth

  4. early menses (12 or younger)

  5. late menopause

  6. short menstrual cycles (<27 days)

12
New cards

what are the risk factors for endometriosis? part 2 (5 factors)

  1. higher levels of estrogen, poor estrogen metabolism (liver)

  2. lower BMI

  3. any condition that prevents normal menstrual flow

  4. reproductive tract abnormalities

  5. long-term use of birth control? (controversial)

13
New cards

what is the typical management of endometriosis?

  1. dietary considerations (i.e. FODMAPs)

  2. lifestyle modifications

  3. physical activity

14
New cards

how does PT manage endometriosis?

  • typically within pelvic floor speciality

    • focused on CNS down-regulation

    • myofascial release

    • pelvic floor muscle coordination

    • scar tissue mobility

15
New cards

in regards to endometriosis, what is the gold standard for surgical intervention?

excision (removal of endometrial tissue)

16
New cards

what two ways do surgeons perform surgery on endometriosis pt’s?

excision (removal) and ablation (cauterizing)

17
New cards

why is ablation a less favorable treatment for endometriosis?

  • less effective for deeper endometrial tissue

  • poses risk of thermal damage to neighboring tissue

  • presents high rate of recurrence

  • disables biopsy for analysis

18
New cards

what 4 things are still pretty controversial in factors relating to endometriosis?

  1. pregnancy

  2. birth control

  3. hysterectomy

  4. Rx- induced menopause

19
New cards

Corpus Luteum Cyst:

  • Abnormal changes in the ____ of the ovary after an egg has been released

    • Can cause what?

  • Where does fluid accumulate?

  • Follicles

    • Cause the egg’s escape opening to seal off.

  • Fluid accumulates inside the follicle

    • a corpus luteum cyst develops.

<ul><li><p>Follicles </p><ul><li><p>Cause the egg’s escape opening to seal off. </p></li></ul></li><li><p>Fluid accumulates inside the <strong>follicle</strong></p><ul><li><p>a corpus luteum cyst develops.</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
20
New cards

what is a follicular cyst?

  • When does it occur?

    • What happens instead

  • Occurs when the follicle of the ovary doesn’t rupture or release its egg.

    • Instead, it grows until it becomes a cyst

<ul><li><p>Occurs when the follicle of the ovary <strong>doesn’t rupture or release its egg.</strong></p><ul><li><p>Instead, it grows until it becomes a <strong>cyst</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
21
New cards

Ovarian Cysts:

  • What are the 3 main S/S of Ovarian Cysts?

  • Unilateral sharp or dull pain

  • Fullness or heaviness in abdomen

  • Bloating

22
New cards

Ovarian Cysts:

  • What 3 S/S is considered as an EMERGENCY for pts w Ovarian Cysts?

  • Sudden onset of severe abdominal or pelvic pain

  • Pain w fever or vomiting

  • Signs of Shock:

    • Clammy Skin

    • Rapid Breathing

    • Lightheadedness or Weakness

23
New cards
  • If a pt presents w S/S EVERY month due to their period, what organ can be the issue?

  • Id a pt presents w S/S every OTHER month due to their period, what organ can be the issue?

  • EVERY = Uterus

    • Central Structure

  • OTHER:

    • Ovaries and Fallopian Tube

      • Women alternate ovulation to L and R every month

24
New cards

what is PCOS?

  • polycystic ovary syndrome

25
New cards

what are some common signs and symptoms of PCOS? (9)

  1. irregular periods

  2. excess facial and body hair

  3. severe acne

  4. small cysts in ovaries

  5. insulin resistance

  6. anxiety and depression

  7. infertility

  8. wt gain

  9. male pattern hair loss

<ol><li><p>irregular periods</p></li><li><p>excess facial and body hair</p></li><li><p>severe acne</p></li><li><p>small cysts in ovaries</p></li><li><p>insulin resistance</p></li><li><p>anxiety and depression</p></li><li><p>infertility</p></li><li><p>wt gain</p></li><li><p>male pattern hair loss</p></li></ol>
26
New cards

define perimenopause

2-8 years while body is transitioning to menopause (~40 yo)

27
New cards

what are some symptoms of menopause? (5)

  1. none?

  2. hot flashes, night sweats

  3. irregular periods

  4. mood changes

  5. trouble sleeping

28
New cards

define menopause (2)

  • Permanent cessation of menstrual periods (1 yr)

  • Depletion of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone (avg 51 y.o)

29
New cards

women after menopause have an increased risk of developing/getting? (4)

  1. osteoporosis

  2. cardiac events

  3. brain changes - Alz/Dementia

  4. infection/UTI

30
New cards

what are some things to consider with menopause pts? (2)

  1. HRT (hormone replacement)

  2. Education on strengthening MSK and maintaining CV health

31
New cards

Menopause:

  • HRT:

    • Vary in…

    • Vary in…

    • Vary in…

    • ___/Indirect

  1. vary in types - systemic, local

  2. vary in ingredients - horse urine, bioidentical

  3. vary in application - cream, suppository, Rx

  4. DHEA/ indirect

32
New cards

what can cause pelvic girdle pain? (3)

  1. SIJ hypermobility

  2. pubic symphysis (SPD)

  3. relaxin hormone peaks mid-pregnancy and persists for months following delivery, longer with breastfeeding

33
New cards

what are some DDx that can occur with pregnancy and postpartum that are MSK? (8)

  1. sciatica, piriformis syndrome

  2. round ligament pain

  3. coccydynia

  4. diastasis recti

  5. postural dysfunction

  6. stress urinary incontinence

  7. de quervain’s tenosynovitis

  8. dyspareunia

<ol><li><p>sciatica, piriformis syndrome</p></li><li><p>round ligament pain</p></li><li><p>coccydynia</p></li><li><p>diastasis recti</p></li><li><p>postural dysfunction</p></li><li><p>stress urinary incontinence</p></li><li><p>de quervain’s tenosynovitis</p></li><li><p>dyspareunia</p></li></ol>
34
New cards

Ectopic Pregnancy:

  • What is it?

  • When does it typically occur during preg?

  • What is":

    • Fertilized egg attaches outside of uterus

  • Typically btwn weeks 4-12

this is LIFE THREATENING for mother

35
New cards

Ectopic Pregnancy:

  • 5 main S/S

  • severe sharp/dull/cramping pain

  • shoulder pain

  • abnormal bleeding

  • GI distress

  • dizziness/fainting

36
New cards

in regards to exercise during pregnancy…. what are some relative contraindications (precautions) (9)

  1. severe anemia (thready pulse, spacey, weak)

  2. chronic respiratory dysfunction (O2 to baby and mom.. not MSK)

  3. poorly controlled T1DM

  4. extreme morbid obesity

  5. extreme underweight

  6. hx of extremely sedentary lifestyle

  7. intrauterine growth restriction

  8. poorly controlled HTN, seizure disorder, or hyperthyroidism

  9. heavy smoker

37
New cards

what are some absolute contraindications to exercise during pregnancy? (9)

  1. significant heart dz that is impacting hemodynamics

  2. restrictive lung dz

  3. incompetent cervix

  4. multiples: in late second and into 3rd trimester, risk of early labor

  5. persistent bleeding in second or third trimester

  6. placenta previa after 26 wks

  7. premature labor in current pregnancy (that has been stabilized)

  8. ruptured membranes

  9. preeclampsia/pregnancy induced HTN

38
New cards

in regards to PT, what are some considerations we need to be aware of if our patient is pregnant and doing exercise/PT? (positions)

avoid prolonged flat supine after 1st trimester due to decreased cardiac output, compression

39
New cards

in regards to PT, what are some considerations we need to be aware of if our patient is pregnant and doing exercise/PT? (activity dosage)(4)

  • decreased O2 availability,

  • earlier fatigue/pain limiting point of activity,

  • SOB

  • COM and BOS shift

40
New cards

in regards to PT, what are some considerations we need to be aware of if our patient is pregnant and doing exercise/PT? (exercise directives)

  1. trunk/postural stabilization

  2. IAP management

  3. breathing (diaphragmatic, birth prep)

  4. pelvic floor muscle coordination with abdominals and breathing

  5. pelvic alignment and stabilization

  6. functional movements - bending, lifting, carrying