Religions - Intro to AP World

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46 Terms

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monotheism

Belief in one god

<p>Belief in one god</p>
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polytheism

Belief in many gods

<p>Belief in many gods</p>
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universalizing religions

Religions that follow beliefs which are not culture-specific; can spread across cultures, and encourages the spreading of the religion

<p>Religions that follow beliefs which are not culture-specific; can spread across cultures, and encourages the spreading of the religion</p>
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ethnic religions

Cultural religions which create strong bonds among people, but do not encourage the diffusions or conversion of outsiders

<p>Cultural religions which create strong bonds among people, but do not encourage the diffusions or conversion of outsiders</p>
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Judaism

Monotheistic religion of ancient Hebrews

<p>Monotheistic religion of ancient Hebrews</p>
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Hebrews

Nomadic herders whose beliefs eventually developed into Judaism

<p>Nomadic herders whose beliefs eventually developed into Judaism</p>
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Hebrew Bible (Torah)

Jewish religious scriptures

<p>Jewish religious scriptures</p>
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Abraham

Hebrew prophet and founder to Judaism; made a covenant with God. He is also known as a forefather to Christianity and Islam as well.

<p>Hebrew prophet and founder to Judaism; made a covenant with God. He is also known as a forefather to Christianity and Islam as well.</p>
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diaspora

Scattering of people; an example is when Jews were forced to flee Canaan during the Roman Empire

<p>Scattering of people; an example is when Jews were forced to flee Canaan during the Roman Empire</p>
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Zoroastrianism

Monotheistic religion developed in Persia (modern day Iran) around the time of Judaism

<p>Monotheistic religion developed in Persia (modern day Iran) around the time of Judaism</p>
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Christianity

Monotheistic religion based on teachings of Jesus; believed Jesus as messiah

<p>Monotheistic religion based on teachings of Jesus; believed Jesus as messiah</p>
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Jesus of Nazareth

Jewish man in Roman Empire, claimed to be messiah or "son of God"

<p>Jewish man in Roman Empire, claimed to be messiah or "son of God"</p>
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messiah

Savior, "son of God", Christos in Greek meaning "anointed one"

<p>Savior, "son of God", Christos in Greek meaning "anointed one"</p>
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Emperor Constantine

Roman emperor who legalized Christianity in 313 CE with the Edict of Milan.

<p>Roman emperor who legalized Christianity in 313 CE with the Edict of Milan.</p>
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Hinduism

Religion developed in India in ancient times with many deities incarnate of Brahma.

<p>Religion developed in India in ancient times with many deities incarnate of Brahma.</p>
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karma

Fortune or destiny determined by actions in life, which will impact the next life

<p>Fortune or destiny determined by actions in life, which will impact the next life</p>
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dharma

Set of duties that must be fulfilled in life

<p>Set of duties that must be fulfilled in life</p>
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moksha

Final resting place for a Hindu soul where the soul becomes united with Brahma

<p>Final resting place for a Hindu soul where the soul becomes united with Brahma</p>
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caste system

Strict social hierarchy followed by Hindus

<p>Strict social hierarchy followed by Hindus</p>
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Brahma

Universal spirit, creator of the universe in Hinduism. All other deities stem from God, and the levels of the caste stem from his parts.

<p>Universal spirit, creator of the universe in Hinduism. All other deities stem from God, and the levels of the caste stem from his parts.</p>
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Vedas (Rig Veda)

Hindu holy scriptures

<p>Hindu holy scriptures</p>
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Mahabharata, Ramayana

Epic poems which reflect Hindu values

<p>Epic poems which reflect Hindu values</p>
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Buddhism

Religion which rejected the Hindu caste system, developed by Siddhartha Gautama

<p>Religion which rejected the Hindu caste system, developed by Siddhartha Gautama</p>
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Siddhartha Gautama

Nepalese prince who rejected the Hindu caste system and founded Buddhism

<p>Nepalese prince who rejected the Hindu caste system and founded Buddhism</p>
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Buddha

Meaning "the enlightened one"

<p>Meaning "the enlightened one"</p>
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nirvana

Final resting place of the Buddhist soul

<p>Final resting place of the Buddhist soul</p>
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Four Noble Truths

Four understandings on what causes pain and suffering in life

<p>Four understandings on what causes pain and suffering in life</p>
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Eightfold Path

Rules Buddhists must follow to end pain and suffering

<p>Rules Buddhists must follow to end pain and suffering</p>
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Ashoka

Mauryan ruler who spread Buddhist ideals throughout India by building pillars and stupas

<p>Mauryan ruler who spread Buddhist ideals throughout India by building pillars and stupas</p>
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Theravada

Sect of Buddhism, believes you MUST reach enlightenment in order to achieve nirvana

<p>Sect of Buddhism, believes you MUST reach enlightenment in order to achieve nirvana</p>
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Mahayana

Sect of Buddhism, believes you don't have to reach enlightenment to achieve nirvana

<p>Sect of Buddhism, believes you don't have to reach enlightenment to achieve nirvana</p>
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Confucianism

Chinese philosophy based on filial piety and the five key relationships

<p>Chinese philosophy based on filial piety and the five key relationships</p>
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Confucius

Ancient Chinese philosopher who founded Confucianism

<p>Ancient Chinese philosopher who founded Confucianism</p>
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Analects

Scriptures containing Confucian ideas, written by Confucius' students

<p>Scriptures containing Confucian ideas, written by Confucius' students</p>
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Filial Piety (Xiao)

Devotion to the family, respect for elders in society. Common in Confucianism, this is a popular societal order in Han China.

<p>Devotion to the family, respect for elders in society. Common in Confucianism, this is a popular societal order in Han China.</p>
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Li (reciprocity)

Respect and reciprocity within the five key relationships

<p>Respect and reciprocity within the five key relationships</p>
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Daoism

Chinese philosophy/religion based on the balance of forces in nature known as yin and yang

<p>Chinese philosophy/religion based on the balance of forces in nature known as yin and yang</p>
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Laozi

Chinese Daoist philosopher; taught that governments were of secondary importance and recommended retreat from society into nature.

<p>Chinese Daoist philosopher; taught that governments were of secondary importance and recommended retreat from society into nature.</p>
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yin and yang

Two opposing forces in nature that must be in balance in order for society to be properly organized and peaceful

<p>Two opposing forces in nature that must be in balance in order for society to be properly organized and peaceful</p>
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wuwei

Non-action or inactivity in nature, which allows the forces of nature to govern society

<p>Non-action or inactivity in nature, which allows the forces of nature to govern society</p>
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Laozi

Chinese philosopher who founded Daoism

<p>Chinese philosopher who founded Daoism</p>
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Islam

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.

<p>A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.</p>
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5 Pillars of Faith

5 mandatory practices which guide the lives of Muslims; these include belief in God, praying 5x/day toward Mecca, observing Ramadan, the Hajj pilgrimage, and giving to charity.

<p>5 mandatory practices which guide the lives of Muslims; these include belief in God, praying 5x/day toward Mecca, observing Ramadan, the Hajj pilgrimage, and giving to charity.</p>
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Place of worship

name of a site where followers worship - a church (Christianity), a synagogue (Judaism), a mosque (Islam), a temple (Hinduism, Buddhism) or at home.

<p>name of a site where followers worship - a church (Christianity), a synagogue (Judaism), a mosque (Islam), a temple (Hinduism, Buddhism) or at home.</p>
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Muhammad

Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam. He was also a merchant, so he spread the religion to new areas.

<p>Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam. He was also a merchant, so he spread the religion to new areas.</p>
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Quran

Holy Book of Islam - sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina

<p>Holy Book of Islam - sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina</p>