Finals Exam Reviewer: Oral Communication I

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts and terms from the Oral Communication I lecture notes.

A systemic process where people interact by exchanging verbal and nonverbal symbols to create and interpret meanings.

Communication

Root words of communication meaning 'to make common' and 'to share'.

'Communis' and 'Communicare'

Communication involves interrelated parts that affect one another.

Systemic Process

Involves speakers and listeners who send and receive messages simultaneously.

People Interaction

Communication uses words (verbal) and body language (nonverbal).

Exchange of Verbal and Nonverbal Symbols

Meanings influenced by past experiences, beliefs, values, and culture.

Creation and Interpretation of Meanings

Senders encode messages and Receivers decode messages.

Senders and Receivers

Symbols that don’t have inherent meaning, can be verbal or nonverbal.

Message

The medium through which the message is conveyed.

Channel

The receiver's response indicating the success of communication.

Feedback

Barriers to communication including physical and physiological noises.

Noise

To improve personal lives, enhance relationships, achieve success, and broaden perspectives.

Functions of Communication

Includes the ideas that one cannot not communicate, communication is irreversible, and complex.

Principles of Communication

Meanings are not just in words, and communication doesn't always solve problems.

Common Misconceptions About Communication

Focuses on the components: source, message, channel, and receiver.

Berlo's Model

Originally for telephone communication; includes the concept of noise.

Shannon-Weaver's Model

Emphasizes the functions of communication: surveillance, correlation, cultural transmission.

Lasswell's Model

Highlights the interactive process where communicators are senders and receivers.

Schramm's Model

Stresses understanding and celebrating differences in communication.

Dunn and Goodnight's Model

Depicts communication as a continually changing process.

Wood's Model

Includes elements like frame of reference, code, environment, and noise.

Hamilton’s Model

Words represent thoughts, ideas, feelings, and experiences.

Language is Symbolic

Meanings change based on speaker, audience, and context.

Language is Arbitrary

Dictionary definition of a word.

Denotative Meaning

Meaning based on individual experiences, values, and culture.

Connotative Meaning

Includes vagueness, ambiguity, and unclear meanings.

Problems with Language

Language that misrepresents, misleads, or deceives.

Doublespeak

Words that soften harsh realities or spare feelings.

Euphemisms

Specialized terms specific to particular fields.

Jargon

Language that can offend listeners based on race or gender.

Insensitivity in Language

Using suitable language according to the context.

Appropriateness in Communication

Using simple, powerful words, being direct.

Brevity

Using specific words to represent observable behaviors.

Descriptiveness

Incorporating specific time and date for factual statements.

Time and Date References

Using respectful language in communication.

Avoiding Profanity

Avoiding non-inclusive terms like 'he' as a general reference.

Generic Language

Using 'I' language to take responsibility for one's messages.

Owning Thoughts and Feelings

Includes accenting, complementing, contradicting, repeating, regulating, and substituting.

Functions of Nonverbal Messages

Study of body movements and gestures in communication.

Kinesics

Influences first impressions and initial interactions.

Physical Appearance

Includes physical setting, design, and ambient conditions.

Environmental Factors

How we perceive and react to time.

Chronemics

Can communicate significant messages.

Silence

Combination of phonetics to emphasize a word correctly.

Pronunciation

Forming meaningful oral symbols using articulators.

Articulation

Hereditary, psychological, and environmental factors play a role.

Factors Affecting Voice

Loudness or softness of speech for emphasis.

Volume

Highness or lowness of voice, affecting meaning.

Pitch

Speed of speaking, including appropriate pauses.

Rate of Speech

Timbre distinguishes voices and indicates health.

Quality of Voice

Used for emphasis and dramatic impact.

Vocal Pauses

Prominence of a syllable in a word.

Vocal Stress

Includes audibility, pleasantness, fluency, and flexibility.

Effective Voice Characteristics

Involves inhalation/exhalation using lungs and diaphragm.

Breathing Stage

Production of voice using the larynx.

Phonation Stage

Amplification and modification of voice.

Resonation Stage

Vowels shaped by tongue and lip movements.

Vowel Formation

Refers to how airstream is constrained during speech.

Consonant Articulation

Involves a single speaker presenting to an audience.

Public Speaking

Includes informative, persuasive, and entertaining speeches.

Types of Speeches

Ways in which speeches can be presented, including manuscript reading.

Methods of Delivery