Biology - biomolecules revision

Molecule

A group of two or more atoms bonded together

Compound

made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded.

What is in the Nucleus of an atom?

protons and neutrons

What makes a compound organic?

hydrogen and carbon

4 major categories of organic molecules

carbohydrates, lipids/fats, proteins, nucleic acids

Elements in carbohydrates

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Carbohydrate monomer units

monosaccharides

Carbohydrate polymer units

polysaccharides

elements in proteins

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Proteins monomer units

Amino acids

Proteins polymer units

polypeptides

Nucleic acids elements

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous

Nucleic acid monomer units

nucleotides

Lipids/fats elements

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Where are lipids found in a cell?

cell membrane

Where are nucleic acids found in a cell?

Nucleus/DNA

What do enzymes do?

enzymes speed up the rate that reactions occur in living organisms

What are enzymes made of?

specialised proteins

What are the factors that impact enzyme action

Ph and temperature

Product in: 2H₂O₂ — 2H₂O and O₂

2H₂O and O₂

Reactant in: 2H₂O₂ — 2H₂O and O₂

2H₂O₂

Anabolic Reaction

makes a larger molecule from smaller parts

Catabolic Reaction

breaks larger molecules into smaller ones

Exergonic Reaction

releases energy

Endergonic reaction

absorbs energy