APBIO Cell Test

Which of the following processes is most likely to occur as a result of an animal cell receiving a signal to initiate apoptosis?

(A) Ribosomes will translate mRNA to produce proteins.

(B) Vesicles will release extracellular growth factors via exocytosis.

(C) Lysosomes will release digestive enzymes into the cytosol.

(D) Vacuoles will fuse with the cellular membrane.

(C) Lysosomes will release digestive enzymes into the cytosol.

A scientist designed an experiment to test an artificial membrane that mimics the phospholipid bilayer of a cell. The scientist built a tube that was divided by an artificial membrane and filled with distilled water. The scientist put a known amount of a protein into the water on one side of the membrane. After some time, the scientist measured the concentration of the protein on either side of the membrane but found that there had been no change.

6. Which of the following experimental changes would allow the scientist to observe transport of a solute across the artificial membrane?

(A) Increase the solute concentration in the solution

(B) Use a small, nonpolar solute instead of a protein

(C) Increase the temperature of the solution

(D) Add artificial aquaporins to the membrane

(B) Use a small, nonpolar solute instead of a protein

Which of the following describes the most likely location of cholesterol in an animal cell?

(A) Embedded in the plasma membrane

(B) Dissolved in the cytosol

(C) Suspended in the stroma of the chloroplast

(D) Bound to free ribosomes

(A) Embedded in the plasma membrane

Which of the following statements best supports the claim that certain organelles within eukaryotic cells evolved from free-living prokaryotic cells?

(A) The cytoplasm of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes is surrounded by a plasma membrane.

(B) Eukaryotes and prokaryotes both contain ribosomes, but the ribosomes of eukaryotes are more complex in structure than those of prokaryotes.

(C) Eukaryotes exchange segments of internal membranes between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, but

prokaryotes have no such internal membranes.

(D) Some organelles contain their own that is more similar to prokaryotic in structure and function than to the eukaryotic found in the cell's nucleus.

13. Which of the following is evidence that eukaryotes and prokaryotes share a common ancestor?

(A) All eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain linear .

(B) All eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain ribosomes.

(C) All eukaryotes and prokaryotes use organic molecules as an energy source.

(D) All eukaryotes and prokaryotes are capable of mitosis.

(B) All eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain ribosomes.

Which of the following best explains how the phospholipid bilayer of a transport vesicle contributes to cellular functions?

(A) The phospholipid bilayer allows the vesicle to fuse with the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane, allowing the exocytosis of proteins.

(B) The phospholipid bilayer physically connects the nuclear envelope to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, thus increasing the rate of transcription and translation.

(C) The phospholipid bilayer of a transport vesicle contains chemicals that digest the proteins made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

(D) The phospholipid bilayer contains enzymes that catalyze the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.

(A) The phospholipid bilayer allows the vesicle to fuse with the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane, allowing the exocytosis of proteins.

All eukaryotic cells contain at least one Golgi complex, typically located in the cytoplasm and near the endoplasmic reticulum.

Which of the following best describes a process that occurs within the Golgi complex?

(A) Enzymatic modification of newly synthesized integral membrane proteins

(B) Synthesis of cytosolic proteins based on the nucleotide sequences of

(C) Degradation of proteins by hydrolytic enzymes contained within the complex

(D) Synthesis of various types of lipidsAll eukaryotic cells contain at least one Golgi complex, typically located in the cytoplasm and near the endoplasmic reticulum.

(A) Enzymatic modification of newly synthesized integral membrane proteins

Which of the following claims is scientifically accurate and consistent with an observation that a decrease in lysosome production within a cell leads to a decline in mitochondrial activity?

(A) A lack of lysosomes will cause a decrease in the synthesis of enzymes necessary for cellular respiration.

(B) Fewer lysosomes will be available to break down macromolecules to provide the necessary nutrients for cellular respiration.

(C) Fewer lysosomes will be available to store materials required for the functioning of the mitochondria.

(D) Lysosomes will not be available to modify proteins so that they are targeted to the mitochondria.

(B) Fewer lysosomes will be available to break down macromolecules to provide the necessary nutrients for cellular respiration.

The endosymbiont theory proposes a model for the evolution of mitochondria. According to the model, an ancestral eukaryote engulfed a small, free-living prokaryotic organism. The engulfed prokaryote then formed an endosymbiotic relationship with the eukaryotic host.

Which of the following observations best supports the model?

(A) Prokaryotes and eukaryotes acquire nutrients from the surrounding environment.

(B) Organelles such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum have membranes composed of phospholipids.

(C) Mitochondria and some prokaryotes share similar metabolic reactions that produce .

(D) Eukaryotes evolved after prokaryotes and have more complex structures.

(C) Mitochondria and some prokaryotes share similar metabolic reactions that produce.

In a certain signal transduction pathway, the binding of an extracellular molecule to a cell-surface protein results in a rapid increase in the concentration of cyclic inside the cell. The cyclic binds to and activates cytosolic enzymes that then activate other enzymes in the cell.

Which of the following statements best describes the role of cyclic in the signal transduction pathway?

(A) It acts as a signaling molecule that passes the signal from the cell to other cells.

(B) It acts as a receptor that carries the signal from outside the cell to inside the cell.

(C) It acts as a second messenger that helps relay and amplify the signal within the cell.

(D) It acts as a channel protein that transmits the signal across the cell’s nuclear membrane.

(C) It acts as a second messenger that helps relay and amplify the signal within the cell.