SOCIAL STUDIES

tawantinsuyu

“the four regions”, was the inca empire’s political structure.

spreading from ecuador to chile

Mit’a Labor System

Mandatory labor contributions from the subjects of the empire.

Sapa Inca

political leader

Apus

provincial administrators

The council of the Realm

consisted of high ranking nobles and advisors to the sapa inca.

Oral traditions and legal precedents.

 Experienced judges and legal experts memorized and recited laws, judgments, and customary practices, ensuring consistency in legal decisions

Sunturpaq

Inca code of laws.

Social hierarchy

sapa inca

priest, nobles, administators, commoners

Meditation and Concilitation

methods of resolving conflicts.

military

the military was responsible for defending the empire, expanding its territories, and suppresing rebellions.

Imaymana

professional soldiers.

topa inca yupanqui

son of pachacuti: under his ruling the inca empire reached its greatest territorial extent.

Pachacuti inca Yupaqui

founder of the inca empire who transformed the small kingdom of cusco into a powerful and expansive empire.

clan

were responsible for community projects, ceremonies, and economic activities.

ayllu

were responsible for agricultural work, defense and sociall support.

patriarchate

male leadership and authority

they held positions of power and authority.

Matriarchate

womens role and influence

family decisions, child rearing, and the passing down of cultural traditions.

Inca family

multiple generations live together.

Quipu

a series of knotted strings of different colors and lengths, which served as a means of recording and transmitting information.

huarochiri manuscript

these documents have religious beliefs, like cosmology, rituals, and practices.

inti raymi

festival of the sun.

capacocha

was a ritualistic sacrifice, typically involving the offering of children and other valuable items to the gods.

coricancha

golden courtayard, dedicated to the sun god, was adorned with golden decorations, stones, and sculptures.

Sacaayhuaman

served as a ceremonial center and fortress

Inti

sun god

mama quilla

moon goddess

pachamama

earth goddess

apu

mountain deities

virachoca

creator god.

textile production

highly developed textiled industry. cotton wool and alpaca fibers.

metalwork

skilled worked with gold silver cooper and bronze to create exquisite jewelry, and ceremonial object tools.

Barter system

exchange of goods and services without the use of currency, using a system based on the principle of reciprocity.

road system

known as the qhapaq ñan, played a crucial role in facilitating commerce and communication within the empire.

yachay wasi

where selected children received education and training

quechua

primary language spoken by the inca and used as the social language of the empire.