Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

This set of flashcards covers key terms and definitions related to techniques in cell and molecular biology, aiding in the review of essential concepts for an upcoming exam.

Differential Centrifugation

A technique used to isolate organelles based on their density by spinning samples at high speeds.

Ion Exchange Chromatography

Separates proteins based on their net charge using charged resins.

Gel Filtration Chromatography

Separates proteins based on their molecular weight by using a porous matrix.

Affinity Chromatography

A method that separates a specific protein from a mixture using a specific ligand.

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

A technique used to separate proteins based on their size and charge as they move through a gel under an electric field.

Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)

A protein originally isolated from jellyfish that fluoresces green and is used as a marker in molecular biology.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

A technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences through repeated cycles of heating and cooling.

Primary Cell Culture

Cells obtained directly from a living organism.

Secondary Cell Culture

A culture derived from a primary culture.

Cell Line

Cells that have been genetically modified to grow indefinitely in culture.

Fluorophores

Compounds that release visible light upon UV light absorption, used in fluorescence microscopy to visualize cellular structures.

Microscopy

The science of using microscopes to view small objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye.

Recombinant DNA

DNA that has been artificially formed by combining constituents from different organisms.

Centrifugation

A process that uses centrifugal force to separate substances of different densities in a mixture.

Fixative

A chemical used to preserve the structure of cells and tissues.

Transgenic Organisms

Organisms that have been genetically modified to contain DNA from another species.

Electrophoresis

A technique that uses an electric field to move charged molecules through a gel matrix.