C9 - Molecular Geometry & Bonding Theory (Gen. Chem 1)

electron domain

region where electrons are likely (any bond group or lone pair)

lone pair

electron pair concentrated on one atom rather than two

bonding pair

electron pair concentrated between two atoms (bonded)

electron domain angles

2 - 180º

3 - 120º

4 - 109.5º

5 - 120º/90º

6 - 90º

lone pairs in trigonal bypyramidal

occupies equatorial domains first

repulsive force (VSEPR)

lone pairs > bonded pairs

high-order bond > low-order bond

bond dipole

polarity of only two bonded atoms

dipole direction

+ → -

• opposite in physics

valence-bond theory

bonding pairs based on electron region concentration & overlap

hybrid orbital

orbital w/ energy level in between its constituents

• allows for multiple, equivalent bonds in atoms that do not initially have unpaired electrons

hybrid orbital angles

sp² - 120º

sp³ - 109.5º