BIG one

when did Brittan join the EEC and whith who as president of france

January 1973

• Valéry Giscard d’Estaing

what was another name for the far right attitude of Ted

“seldson man”

when and what was decided at the selldson park program

January 1970

• Imigration control

• tax reform

• more law enforcement

• reform trade unions

• cut public spending

what economic issues did Ted face at the begining of his term

• unemployment rearly reached 1 million

• Barber boom lead to high inlfation

• stagfaltion

what was Ted’s U-turn

1971

• Nationalised the royalle royce company in 1971

• subsidesed £35 million to the upper clyde ship builders

By 1973 unemployment fell to 500,000

what were teds original policys economic

• To remove lame duck industries

• cut publoic spending which led to the Barber boom

who was Ted’s chancerllor

Anthony Barber

what was decimilisation

1971

Allowed the pound to alline more with europe

what casued the 1973 oil crisis

yom kippur war in middle east

• opec declared oil embargo

• price of oil rose by 4x

how much did the cost of a barrel of oirl rise by 1973

$2 - $35 1973-80

what happend in the three day week

unemployment doubled to over 1.6 million

devaluation of the pound

made the economy even more unproductive

what happened and when was the ted heath gereral election that he lost

28 Febuary 1974

“who governes brittan”

lost by 5 steats to labour

11/12 MPs refused to stand

what difficultys did teds industrial policys face

• Industrial relations act was heavily opposed by the right of the party

what inital industrial issues did ted face

• doctors strike, dustmen, postal workers, ‘go slow’ strikle by power workers

• 1972 major strikes by miners and 8 other industries

• resulting in the highest number of days lost scince 1926

what were teds original industrial poilcys

• Industrial relations act set ip a board of international relations to govern strikes and intigate a cooling off piriod

• abolished the board for prices and incomes

• industry act 1972

what wee later issues ted heath faced in industrys

november 1973 - power workers demanded a pay rise

January 1974 - NUM called national strike and overtime ban

willie whitelaw was moved to be minister of employment

what issues did ted face with NI

1970’s = increace in sectarian violence

• 1971 had the introduction of internment increaced IRA support

what percentage of those interned were catholic

95% between 1971-75

what and when was bloody Sunday

• Northern Rights Civil Assosiation organised a march

• Jan 1972

• 13 killed by Brittish soldiors

what were the effects of bloody sunday

• british embassy in dublin was burned down

• IRA gained support in USA

• Increaced IRA violence

• 12 killed in M62 army coach IRA bomb

what happend in 1972 stats wise for IRA

1382 explosions

10628 shootings

480 deaths

what were ted’s policys on NI

• After 1974 direct rule

• Heath backed Brian Faulkner who was head of the ulster unionist party

• internment and night curfew

what and when was the sunningdale agreement

• 1973-1974

• powesharing agreement between nationalists and unionists

• new northern irland assembally elected

• council of irland with input from the republic.

how did NI effect the 1974 election

• votes were split

• Conservatives could no longer rely on UUP due to sunningdale agreement

how much of a pay rise did ted giev the workers in 1973

2%

how did ted reform local govement

local goverment act 1971

• reorganised the local goverment whith a two tier structure

what was teds relationship with China

• 1972, he upgraded relations to full ambassador-level diplomacy

• 1974, he met with Mao Zedong and allowed for panda diplomacy

• also known as the ‘people’s friendship envoy’

who brought an end to the unnindale agreement

Reverend Ian Paisely

Who pushed for the cuase of homosexuality

Leo Abse - An Labour back bencher supported by Jenkins

When was the Sexual offenses act

1967

As long as…

• Both consented

• Both over 21

• Must be in private

What and when was the Thalomide disaster

1960’s

• The drug for pregnant women with morning sickness led to congential deformaties fro children

• people wanted abortions due to the abnormalty

When was abortion made legal

1967

How many died from Backstreet abortions 1958-1960

82 people

When and what was the Abortion act

1967

• Allowed termination of pregnancy in the first 28 weeks of a trimester

• women must prove mental stability

• Be signed off by 2 doctors

How much did abortions rise by between 1968-1975

4/100 - 17.6/100

when was the divorce reform act passed?

1969

• Allowed ‘no fault divorce’

• The had to have lived apart for 2 years and both want it

• Or live apart for 6 years and one wants it

What was the change in the rate of divorce from 1950-1970

1950 = 2 per 1000

1970 = 10 per 1000

What happend to ruth ellis and when

1959

• She was killed after bieng convicted of murdering her boyfriend

• This was wrongfully so and pushed the campain to end the death penalty

How did they bring in the end of capital punishment 1960s

1965

• Made a tempory 5 year trial of hanging abolished

• by 1969 It was made permanent

Other Capital punishment vibe things jenkins brought in in the 60s and when?

1967 - Jenkins refused to authorize the beating of prisoners

1967 - brought in majority vote for English juries

comprehensive schools in the 60s

The tripartide sytem had been unfair and broken

• Local Education Authority (LEA) controlled schools in some areas

• they set up comprehensive schools where all pupils could go

1965 Tony Crosland became Minister of Education

• Issued circular 10/65 wanting all schools to go comprehensive

How many comprehensive schools were there by 1970

1145 comprehensive schools

How many polly technics were there by 1968 and unis

Polytechnics - 30

Unis - 56

What was the governments approach to higher education in the 60s

Britain lagged behind other counties in europe

• Polytechnics replaced collages of technology

• focused on applied education

• New universities

what was open university

the uni of the air

• Set up in 1963

• Wilson apointed jenny lee for the project

• By the middle of the 1970s they had ecough applications to run it and they did it through tv and radio

How many people had a television by 1961

75%

Who was Hugh Greene

• Director-general at the BBC 1960-69

• Satire shows eg. Z Cars 1962

how many people hadtvs by 1971

91%

TV Shows that showed the permissive society

• The wednesday play show 1964

• Steptoe and Son 1962

When was ITV created

1955

When did the BBC2 launch and its effects

• April 1964

Ment that BBC 1 could become more popularist

When and on what channel was colour TV first shown

July 1967

• On BBC2

How did radio expand in the 60’s

• Earphones

• Different target audinces

• 1964 “Pirate radios” banned

• Radio One used old pirate DJs eg. Tony Blackburn

• long life battery

• Expansion through cheap portable developments

Print media 60s

• Advertising fell

• The Sun newspaper grew as it was bought by Rupert Murdock

• The Sun became more permissive

What were the leisure activities at home 60s

• Cookery

• Knitting

• Do it Yourself

• TV

What percentage of leisure time did TV account for by 1969

1969 - 23%

How did transport impact a growth in lesuire time

• Car ownership grew rapidly meaning that people had more accesablility to go to places they wanted further away

What perscentage of jounreys did car account for by 1974

77% from 39% in 1959

What lesuire activitys suffered during the 60s

• Theater

• Live events

• Football

How did holidays expand in the 60s

1964 - Brittania Airways to north africa, Bulgaria, Spain, Malta and the canary islands

• Still reserved for the middle class however

How was thier a reduction in censorship in the 60s

• People began experimenting and exploring social issues

eg. Playwrites and the Lord Chaimberlin had fights

Give an example of a banned play and when

1962

• Early morning - by Edward bonds

who wanted to abollish theatrical censorship

• Gorge strauss

He was supported by Roy Jenkins

This law was passed in 1968 (celebrated in a performance of HAIR)

Censorship/reduction of in Cinema

• British Board or film censorship remained strict

However…

• Broadened by the 60s

• E.g. - Darling 1965 and Here we go around the Mulberry Bush 1967

They included Sex, Violence, politics, religion became more acceptable

What was the impact of sientific developments 60s

• 1960’s - Great development

By 1961 the first person had gone to space

• Anglo-french partnership developed the Supersonic Concord aircraft

• 1965 post-office tower = tallest building in Britain

How did Female equality improve in the 60s

Second wave of Feminism

• After in 1963 the feminine mystique was published

• Due to imporvements in womens education this spread to the UK

What were the limitations of female equality in the 60s

Women still expected to remain housewives

• Few to higher education

• many still married young

• Working mothers seen as un-natural

• Nurseries only for the wealthy

• Women paid less then men

what percentage of higher education students were women

28% by 1970

What percentage of women ever reached managirial posts

5%

when was the family planning act

1967

when was the matrimonial property act

1970

How much did illigitamate births rise to by 1970

From 5.8% to 8.2%

Give an example of a rally by women in the 60s

1969

• Womens national co-denustion commitie

What were the Anti-Vietnam war riorts

Opposition to the war in the 1960’s

• Vietnam solidarity campain begun in 1966

1968 March - Vietnam war demonstration was violent

1968 March - Battle of Grosover

• At unis eg. Exeter Uni 2 Tory MPs attacked

• Denis heenly amost had his Car overturrned

What happend at the Battle of Grosenover

• 200 arrested

How did Youth culture change in the 60s

• Education and Living standards improving ment Childern and parents clashed more than generations before

• Capital of fashion was london

• Old divisions reduced eg. Classes and divisions

• More caffine and alcoholl was consumed then drugs

• Cheap plastic records

Skinheards → Mods

Racism in the 1960s

1965 - 1/5 refused to work with black/asian people, ½ wouldnt live next to them and 9/10 rejected mixed marriges

When was the first race relations act in the 1960s

1965 — Against discrimination in public places, However housing and employment were excluded

When and what was the 2nd race relations act in the 1960s

1968 - Banned racial discriminatting in housing, employment and insurence

When and who did the rivers of blood speech

April 1968

• Encoh powell rivers of blood

• Was then sacked by heath however this may have helped encourage votes

In reaction to his sacking Meat porters and dockers help retaliation in london

What were the limitations of the race relations board

• Only upheald 10% of 1241 complaints

• Little faith in its effectiveness

Positives from immigration 60s

• Knotting Hill Carnival became an annual event from 1964

• Food types = Aisian and chinease corner shop food

• Music styles of the carriabian eg. Ska

• Meditation ad yoga

How did moral attitudes change 60s

Decline of Moral standards

• Spread by media and teen magazines

• contraception = sexual freedom

• STDs rose rapidly

Who was Mary Whitehouse

Campained against permissive society

• National viewers and listeners assosiation

• By 1965 had 100,000 members

Drug culture in the 60s

• Hippy lifestyle and Free love

• Heroin and cocane 10x more prevelent than at the start

• soft drugs prevelent at the end of the 60s

• Dangerous drugs act 1967 made it unlawfull to possess canabis and cocain

What was the background of rhodesia

1963 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland split into 3 seperate states

• Two other states became independednt but not Southern Rhodisia

Why didnt rhodesia become independent

• Brittan wanted them too replace the white domination with majority rule

What was the result of Rhodesia not gaining independence

• This caused upset between Ian smith and Harrold wilson

• Ian smith declared an unilateral decleration of independence without majority rule

Wilson belived he could resolve the issue with negotiations and oil sanctions

What was the course of the Rhodesia crisis

1966 - HMS tiger of Gibraltar Wilson and Smith met up (failed)

• Oil sanctions failed as they got oil through Mozambique instead

1968 - HMS fearless resulted in unsuccessful talks again

Made Brittan look weak

Who was Ian Smith

• First Prime minister of Rohdesia who was born there

• PM until 1979

When did the Withdrawal from the suez begin

• 1964 Labour had to reduce thier Millitary commitments due to economic reasons

What was the Military Budjet aims of Denis Heanly 1960s

• He wanted to Bring the Budget bellow £2 billion by 1970

When was the white paper causing the removal from the east suez

1967

Which countries troops had been pulled out by 1971

• Arden

• Singapore

• Arabian gulf

• Malaysia

What was Wislon’s take on having a nuclear deterrent

Wilson belived in continuing the UK’s world role

• He wanted nuclear detterents despite the high costs

1967 he announced he would continue to deploy US polaris missiles

What was the the effect of Roy Jenkins spending cuts in 1968 on Nuclear deterents’s

• They had to abbandon the TSRZ high tech warplane

What and when was the Vietnam war

1955

• Vietnam had been divided into two states

• One communist and one not

• The war escaladed in 1975

It was very controversial Due to inhumane actions and casualties

who was the presedent of the USA during the Vietnam war

• Lyndon Johnson

What was Harrold wilsons approach to the USA in the 60s

• He was Pro-american

• Supporter of the atlantic allince

• Wanted to enure the US was commited to the defence of europe

How many states of had got independence by 1964

18 states