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base range is also called basic range, and acid range also called acidic range
spontaneous reaction
reaction that occurs without continuing outside help
reversible reaction
reaction that proceeds either direction
electrolytic cell
electricity produces a chemical reaction
fuel cell
produces electricity and is continually replenished from outside source
voltaic cell
chemical reaction produces electricity
acid
sour taste
base
bitter taste, slippery feel
salt and water
formed by an acid and base
reactants
substances that undergo chemical change (left)
products
new substances produced (right)
endothermic reaction
energy is absorbed
exothermic reaction
energy is released
reduction
an atom gains an electron
oxidation
an atom loses an electron
anode
where oxidation occurs
cathode
where reduction occurs
balanced equation
chemical equation that has the same number of atoms of each element on both sides
activation energy
kinetic energy that’s necessary for molecules to react
combination reaction
two or more substances combine to form a new substance
decomposition
compounds break down
organic chemistry
study of compounds containing carbon
pH scale
represents concentration of hydrogen
base range
range 7.1-14 on pH scale
acid range
range 0-6.9 on pH scale
acid-base indicator
substance that changes color depending on pH; example litmus
alcohol
one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by -OH groups
alkane
single bonds between carbon
alkene
one or more double bonds between carbon atoms
alkyne
one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms
aromatic
ring of carbon atoms
carboxylic
contain the group -COOH
ester
contain -COO- group
haloalkanes
one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by halogen atoms (Cl, Br, or I)
L = loss
E = electron
O = oxidation
G = gains
E = electrons
R = reduction
what does “LEO says GER” stand for?
redox reaction
electrons are transferred between atoms
first law of thermodynamics
relates energy gained by a system to the energy lost by its surroundings
single-displacement reaction
an element in a compound is replaced by another element
double-displacement reaction
two compounds exchange atoms or ions
le chatelier’s principle
system at equilibrium is disturbed, the system will react to partially offset the disturbance
neutralization
when a strong acid and strong base react to produce water and a salt
electroplating
electrolytic cells form a thin coating of metal on an object
buffer
doesn’t change in pH because it contains a weak acid and weak base
chemical kinetics
deals with rates of chemical reactions
Note 
Flashcard (53)