unit 8 bio test organization of genetic material: chromosomes and chromatin

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18 Terms

1

what are chromosomes?

-tightly coiled DNA -found in nucleus during m-phase when cell is dividing -visible

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2

what is chromatin?

-DNA in a non-dividing cell -not tightly coiled -not visible

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3

what is a centromere?

structure that holds sister chromatids together in a chromosome

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4

what is a histone

proteins that organize DNA, DNA is wrapped around histone spools

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5

what is a nucleosome?

group of 8 histones →nucleosome → helix → visible chromoems

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6

what is a homologous chromosome

chromosome pairs with same genes

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7

what are sister chromatids?

result of DNA replication -identical duplicate DNA molecule -half of a chromosome

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8

when do sister chromatids separate and where do they go?

they separate during anaphase, the centromere divide and the chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell

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9

what are sex chromosomes

determine gender (xx is female, xy is male)

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10

what are autosomes

chromosome 1-22

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11

what is a diploid cell?

has both halves of homologous pair of chromosome, full set of genetic information 2N, somatic/body cells

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12

what is a haploid cell?

contains half of the full genetic information, only one chromosome from each homologous pair, 1N, gametes

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13

where are gametes made?

in the gonads

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14

what are the male gonads ?

testes

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15

what are the female gonads?

ovaries

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16

what are the male gametes?

sperm

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17

what are the female gametes?

eggs (ova)

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18

what is fertilization?

where gametes (1N) fuse to make a zygote (2N)

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