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what are chromosomes?
-tightly coiled DNA -found in nucleus during m-phase when cell is dividing -visible
what is chromatin?
-DNA in a non-dividing cell -not tightly coiled -not visible
what is a centromere?
structure that holds sister chromatids together in a chromosome
what is a histone
proteins that organize DNA, DNA is wrapped around histone spools
what is a nucleosome?
group of 8 histones →nucleosome → helix → visible chromoems
what is a homologous chromosome
chromosome pairs with same genes
what are sister chromatids?
result of DNA replication -identical duplicate DNA molecule -half of a chromosome
when do sister chromatids separate and where do they go?
they separate during anaphase, the centromere divide and the chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
what are sex chromosomes
determine gender (xx is female, xy is male)
what are autosomes
chromosome 1-22
what is a diploid cell?
has both halves of homologous pair of chromosome, full set of genetic information 2N, somatic/body cells
what is a haploid cell?
contains half of the full genetic information, only one chromosome from each homologous pair, 1N, gametes
where are gametes made?
in the gonads
what are the male gonads ?
testes
what are the female gonads?
ovaries
what are the male gametes?
sperm
what are the female gametes?
eggs (ova)
what is fertilization?
where gametes (1N) fuse to make a zygote (2N)
Note 
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