ScienceQuiz

VSEPR

(Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion): Molecuels will adopt a structure that minimizes the amount of energy within the molecule, thus the amount of repulsion between negative charges.

Trigonal Planar

electron domains: 3

bonded: 3

unbonded: 0

Trigonal Pyramidal

electron domains: 4

bonded: 3

unbonded: 1

Bent:

electron domains: 3,4

bonded: 2

unbonded: 1,2

Linear

electron domains: 2

bonded: 2

unbonded: 0

Tetrahedral

electron domains: 4

bonded: 4

unbonded: 0

Electron domain:

any lone pair or bond around. a selected central atom.

• Double bonds, triple bonds, and lone pairs each count as ONE electron domain

Bond Dipole

The line that points to the more electronegative (-) atom from less negative (+) atom. This is determined by electronegativity scale

Partial Charges

Delta symbol alongside a ( - ) for the more electronegative side, and a ( + ) for the less electronegative side.

nonpolar covalent

Difference in EN values are between: 0.0 - 0.4

polar covalent

Difference in EN values are between 0.4 - 1.8

ionic

Difference in EN values is above: 1.8

Hydroxyl:

OH

Carbonyl

Carboxyl

Hydroxyl + Carbonyl

Amine

NH₂

Methyl

CH₃ (Side Chain only)

Electronegativity

EN is the ability for an atom to attract a bonding set of electrons