SkeletalSystem Part 2

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Last updated 5:22 AM on 1/15/26
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46 Terms

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Complete fracture

a break that extends through the entire thickness of the bone

<p>a break that extends through the entire thickness of the bone</p>
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Incomplete fracture

bone is not broken all the way through

<p>bone is not broken all the way through</p>
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Oblique fracture

fracture at an angle to the bone

<p>fracture at an angle to the bone</p>
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Transverse fracture

complete fracture that is straight across the bone at right angles to the long axis of the bone

<p>complete fracture that is straight across the bone at right angles to the long axis of the bone</p>
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Spiral fracture

a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

<p>a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart</p>
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Comminuted fracture

fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed

<p>fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed</p>
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Compression (aka stress, hairline, fissure) fracture

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Greenstick fracture

bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children

<p>bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children</p>
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Hematoma

a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.

<p>a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.</p>
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Fibrocartilage (Soft) Callus

Rubber-like cartilage bridge that stabilizes the break.

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Bony Callus

Soft callus hardens into spongy bone.

<p>Soft callus hardens into spongy bone.</p>
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Remodeling

The process by which bone is constantly renewed by the resorption and formation of the bone structure.

<p>The process by which bone is constantly renewed by the resorption and formation of the bone structure.</p>
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Osteoporosis

a condition in which the bones become fragile and break easily

<p>a condition in which the bones become fragile and break easily</p>
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Rheumatoid arthritis

a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

<p>a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked</p>
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Gout

a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints

<p>a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints</p>
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Joint/Articulation

The place where two bones come into contact.

<p>The place where two bones come into contact.</p>
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Metabolic Bone Disease

Any disorder affecting bone strength (ex: osteoporosis, rickets).

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Rickets

Vitamin D deficiency → soft, weak bones in children.

<p>Vitamin D deficiency → soft, weak bones in children.</p>
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Paget's Disease

Bone breaks down & rebuilds abnormally → enlarged, weak bones.

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Fibrous

Bones joined by fibrous tissue, no movement (skull sutures).

<p>Bones joined by fibrous tissue, no movement (skull sutures).</p>
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Cartilaginous

Bones joined by cartilage, slight movement (vertebrae).

<p>Bones joined by cartilage, slight movement (vertebrae).</p>
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Synovial

Bones separated by joint cavity, lots of movement (knee, shoulder).

<p>Bones separated by joint cavity, lots of movement (knee, shoulder).</p>
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Synarthrotic

No movement (skull).

<p>No movement (skull).</p>
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Amphiarthrotic

Slight movement (vertebrae).

<p>Slight movement (vertebrae).</p>
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Diarthrotic / Synovial

Freely movable (knee, elbow, shoulder).

<p>Freely movable (knee, elbow, shoulder).</p>
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Synovial Joint Types: Ball and Socket

All directions (shoulder, hip).

<p>All directions (shoulder, hip).</p>
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Synovial Joint Types: Hinge

Back and forth (knee, elbow).

<p>Back and forth (knee, elbow).</p>
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE: Ligament

Bone to bone

<p>Bone to bone</p>
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE: Tendon

Muscle to bone.

<p>Muscle to bone.</p>
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JOINT STRUCTURES: Synovial Membrane

The lining of the joint capsule that produces synovial fluid.

<p>The lining of the joint capsule that produces synovial fluid.</p>
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JOINT STRUCTURES: Synovial Fluid

Lubricates joint, reduces friction.

<p>Lubricates joint, reduces friction.</p>
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MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS: Origin

Fixed end of muscle.

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MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS: Insertion

Moving end of muscle.

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Flexion

Bending (decrease angle).

<p>Bending (decrease angle).</p>
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Extension

Straightening (increase angle).

<p>Straightening (increase angle).</p>
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Abduction

Move away from midline.

<p>Move away from midline.</p>
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Adduction

Move toward midline.

<p>Move toward midline.</p>
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Rotation

Turn around an axis.

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Dorsiflexion

Foot up (toes to shin).

<p>Foot up (toes to shin).</p>
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Plantar Flexion

Foot down (tiptoes).

<p>Foot down (tiptoes).</p>
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Circumduction

Circular movement (arm circles).

<p>Circular movement (arm circles).</p>
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Pronation

Palm down.

<p>Palm down.</p>
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Supination

Palm up.

<p>Palm up.</p>
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Phagocyte

Cell that eats bacteria/debris (cleanup crew).

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ACL

anterior cruciate ligament of the knee

<p>anterior cruciate ligament of the knee</p>
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PCL

posterior cruciate ligament

<p>posterior cruciate ligament</p>