Integumentary System

integumentary system

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail

hypodermis

Also called a subcutaneous layer, this is a layer of fat is located under the dermis of the skin; helps to insulate the body and protects underlying muscles and blood vessels.

melanin

A pigment that gives the skin, hair and eyes color and helps protect the body from harmful UV radiation that causes skin cancer.

hair follicle

A small tubular cavity in skin containing the root of a hair and is attached to oil glands.

nail cuticle

Dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate.

hair root

The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis.

Ist degree burn

only epidermis affected; redness and pain; no blisters or swelling occurs

2nd degree burn

epidermis and upper dermis are damaged, skin is red with blisters

3rd degree Burn

thermal damage to all three layers of the skin, also cooks blood vessels, so it appears to be dry and leathery- color depends on agent

Sebaceous Glands

found in the dermis, secrete the oil sebum

Sweat Glands

The glands that secrete sweat, located in the dermal layer of the skin, also known as sudoriferous glands

Pore

Made:Tiny openings on top of skin with sweat and oil glands

Function: Let sweat and oil come out of skin.

Arrector Pilli

small bands of smooth muscles that connect each side of the hair follicle to the dermal tissue, cause hair to stand on end when frightened or cold(goosebumps)

Adipose tissue (fat molecule)

Made:fat

Function:Insulate the body from heat and cold

provides padding

an energy storage area

acne

bacterial infection of sebaceous glands

subcutaneous layer

fat layer

Epidermis

Most superficial layer of skin. Replaced every 4-6 weeks

Keratinocytes

The most abundant epidermal cells, they function mainly to produce keratin.

Melanocytes

Spidery black cells that produce the brown-to-black pigment called melanin.

Dermis

Dense, irregular connective tissue consisting of two regions - the papillary and the reticular areas.

Sebum

The product of sebaceous glands. It is a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells that acts as a lubricant to keep the skin soft and moist.

Eccrine Glands

These glands produce sweat. Regulate body temperature

Apocrine Glands

Secrete milky protein that acts as a nutrient medium for the microorganisms found on the skin. Located in the axillary & genital regions

Keratin

Fibrous protein that is responsible for the strength and water resistance of the skin surface. Makes up hair and nails

Collagen

A protein that is a main constituent of connective tissue.

Melanin

A natural pigment that protects the cells in the skin and in deeper layers from the hazardous effects of UV radiation by absorbing sunlight.

Hair

Made of keratin. Protects scalp from light from sun

Nails

Grow from area of rapidly dividing cells known as nail roots.

Melanoma

Cancer of melanocytes, is the most dangerous skin cancer because it is highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy

PURPOSE of integumentary

-protects deeper tissues

-blocks UV

-prevents infection from entering body

-temperature regulation

-prevents dehydration

-makes Vitamin D from sunlight

-excrete wastes (sweating)

-sensory organ

dermis

inner layer, contains major structures of skin: collagen, blood vessels, nerve endings, glands, sensory receptors, hair follicles

subcutaneous fat

adipose tissue, proves insulation for body

layers of skin

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

stratum corneum

the most superficial layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells

stratum lucidum

a clear layer of the epidermis found only in the thick skin of the fingers, palms, and soles

stratum granulosum (granular layer)

3rd layer of the epidermis

stratum spinosum

spiny layer

stratum basale

the deepest layer of the epidermis consisting of stem cells capable of undergoing cell division to form new cells

jaundice

yellowing of the skin

dermal papillae

Found in the upper layers of the dermis, they create your fingerprint pattern

epithelial membranes

thin sheets of tissue lining the internal and external surfaces of the body

exocrine glands

Glands that secrete substances outward through a duct

papillary layer

Outermost layer of the dermis, directly underneath the epidermis; contains dermal papillae

reticular layer

Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains blood vessels and receptors

basal cell carcinoma

malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis

The secretions of the eccrine glands are:

99% water, sodium chloride, and trace amounts of wastes, lactic acid, and vitamin C

vasodilation

widening of blood vessels

vasoconstriction

narrowing of blood vessels

negative feedback loop

A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving

Cilia

The hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner

inflammation

a localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues

Sweat

Perspiration excreted by sweat glands through the skin; slightly acidic

Hypothermia

low body temperature; below 95 degrees

Hyperthermia

high body temperature, fever

Semipermeable

Only certain substances can pass through

barrier

something that blocks the way; an obstacle