IGCSE CHEM_CHAP 2.4_Ions and ionic bonds

Ion

An atom or molecule with an electrical charge due to the loss or gain of electrons; Ion.

Anion

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons; Anion (ion âm).

Cation

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons; Cation (ion dương).

Ionic bond

A strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions; Liên kết ion.

Electrostatic attraction

The force of attraction between particles with opposite electrical charges; Lực hút tĩnh điện.

Dot-and-cross diagram

A diagram showing the arrangement of electrons in an atom or ion, using dots and crosses to distinguish the source of electrons; Sơ đồ chấm và chéo.

Electrical conductivity

The ability of a substance to allow electric current to flow through it; Độ dẫn điện.

Aqueous

A substance dissolved in water; Dung dịch nước.

Molten

A solid substance that has been turned into a liquid by heating; Nóng chảy.

Ion

What is an atom or molecule with an electrical charge called?

Gain of an electron

What causes a non-metal atom to become a negative ion?

Anion

What is the specific name for a negatively charged ion?

Loss of an electron

What causes a metal atom to become a positive ion?Cation

Zero (neutral)

What is the overall charge of an atom before it becomes an ion?

Negative

What is the electrical charge of an electron?

Chloride ion (Cl-)

What is produced when a chlorine atom gains an electron?

Sodium ion (Na+)

What is produced when a sodium atom loses an electron?

Oppositely charged ions

Ionic bonds form between which two types of particles?

Strong electrostatic attraction

What type of force holds an ionic bond together?

Transferred

In ionic bonding, is an electron shared or transferred?

From the cation to the anion

In which direction is an electron transferred during ionic bonding?

1

How many outer shell electrons do Group I elements have?

7

How many outer shell electrons do Group VII elements have?

Lose 1 electron

What must a Group I metal do to form a full outer shell?

Gain 1 electron

What must a Group VII non-metal do to form a full outer shell?

+1

What is the charge of an ion formed from a Group 1 element?

-1

What is the charge of an ion formed from a Group 7 element?

2

How many outer shell electrons do Group 2 elements have?

6

How many outer shell electrons do Group 6 elements have?

Lose 2 electrons

How many electrons does Magnesium (Group 2) need to lose to become an ion?

Mg2+

What is the symbol for a magnesium ion?

Gain 2 electrons

How many electrons does Oxygen (Group 6) need to gain to become an ion?

O2-

What is the symbol for an oxide ion?

Dot-and-cross diagrams

What type of diagram displays the formation of ionic bonds?

2

How many chlorine atoms are needed to react with one magnesium atom?

High

Do ionic compounds have high or low melting points?

Strong electrostatic forces

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

A lot of energy

What is needed to overcome the strong bonds in ionic compounds?

Good

How is the electrical conductivity of ionic compounds when aqueous?

Good

How is the electrical conductivity of ionic compounds when molten?

Ions are free to move

Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when liquid or in solution?

Poor (Cannot conduct)

How is the electrical conductivity of ionic compounds when solid?

Ions are fixed in position

Why can solid ionic compounds not conduct electricity?

Carry charge

What are free-moving ions able to do that allows electrical conduction?

Group 1 and Group 7

Which two groups are the most common examples of ionic bond formation?

Non-metals

Which type of elements usually form anions?Metals

Transfer of 2 electrons

What happens when Magnesium reacts with Oxygen?

Opposite charges

What property of cations and anions creates the "attraction" in an ionic bond?

Anion

Is an oxide ion (O2-) a cation or an anion?

Cation

Is a sodium ion (Na+) a cation or an anion?

Full outer shell

What is the goal of an atom when it loses or gains electrons?

Noble gas configuration

What is another term for having a full outer shell?

8

How many electrons are usually in the outer shell of a stable ion (except H/He)?

Electrostatic

What is the specific word for the "attraction" in the definition of an ionic bond?

Metal and non-metal

Ionic bonds typically form between which two categories of elements?

Liquid

What is the physical state of a "molten" substance?