Geography Global Climate Definitions
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16 Terms
System
Set of interrelated parts and connections between them. Parts unite to form a complete whole and produce emergent properties.
Open system
Exchanges matter and energy with surroundings
Closed system
Exchanges energy but not matter with surroundings
Isolated system
Exchanges neither energy nor matter with its surroundings.
Albedo
Proportion of short-wave solar radiation that is reflected by a surface.
Global dimming
A decline in the amount of sunlight reaching the earths surface.
Climate forcing
A factor that drives climate change
Drought
A sustained period of unusually dry weather lasting long enough to cause water shortages and crop damage.
Biosphere changes
refers to impact of climate change on the function/functioning of the biosphere
Vulnerability, risk and risk perception
Risk: when variables associated with climate change will reach such extreme levels that they have adverse impacts on human life (eg: storms, flooding and drought)
Vulnerability: the sensitivity and susceptibility to the adverse effects of climate change and the ability to cope with them.
Adaptation
management of risks asscoaited with climate change in order to control their impact/harm.
Mitigation
Any actions taken to reduce the long term impacts of climate change by reducing the sources, or increasing the sinks of GHG’s.
Geopolitics
The interrelationship betwen geography and international politics and relations.
Carbon Credit
a tradable permit that allows a country/organization/industry to use 1 metric tonne of carbo dioxide. If permit is not used it can be sold or traded or retired.
Cap-and-trade
An economic system used to controlc carbon emissions. A cap is set, determinign the maximum emissions allowed, and it allows for extra capacity to be traded between organizations.
Carbon offset
when operators sponsor activities or projects in other countries that will reduce the amound of emissions/carbon dioxide in atmosphere. This is done to compeseate for their own emissions.