tumors

invade and penetrate blood vessels

Tumor cells _, traveling as neoplastic emboli in the circulation

cells are trapped, they invade the wall of the arresting vessel

These emboli of tumor _ in small vascular channels of distant organs, where _ and infiltrate and multiply in the adjacent tissue.

vascular connections

The localization of hematogenous metastases tends to be determined by the _ and anatomic relationships between the primary neoplasm and the metastatic sites.

Staging

_ refers to the extensiveness of a tumor at its primary site and the presence or absence of metastases to lymph nodes and distant organs, such as the liver, lungs, and skeleton.

appropriate therapy

The staging of a tumor aids in determining the most _.

Well-localized tumors

without evidence of metastases

- May be surgically removed

Fast-growing, undifferentiated tumors

such as those found in patients with Hodgkin's disease,

- May respond best to radiation therapy.

hormonal therapy

Cancer of the prostate responds to _, which consists of either the removal of the sources of male gonadal hormones that stimulate tumor growth or the administration of the female gonadal hormone (estrogen) that inhibits it.

Chemotherapy

uses one or a combination of cytotoxic substances that kill neoplastic cells, but these drugs may injure many normal cells and result in significant complications.