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Exam 3 - Animals
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Description and Tags
Chapters 27 and 33
Biology
Anatomy
University/Undergrad
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55 Terms
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1
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What is the significance of the Cambrian explosions?
There was an “explosion” of genetic diversity due to the increased O2 in the atmosphere.
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When was the Cambrian explosion?
Approximately 538.8 million years ago
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What is common in most animals?
Multicellularity, complex tissue, heterotrophy, active movement, and diversity in size.
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How many extinctions have happened on our planet?
At least five
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What develops first in protostomes?
Mouth
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What is an example of a protostome?
Arthropods, octopus, and flatworms
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What develops first in deuterostomes?
Anus
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What is an example of a deuterostome?
Humans
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What is cleavage?
series of mitotic cell divisions
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What is blastula stage?
In between 6-32 cells and is hollow.
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Gastrulation is the stage between…
blastula and gastrula
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What is the main difference between the blastula and gastrula?
The gastrula has developed a blastopore.
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What is A?
Blastocoel
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What is B?
Ectoderm
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What is C?
Endoderm
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What is D?
Archenteron
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What is E?
Blastopore
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How many germ layers do diploblastic organisms have?
Two
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What is an example of a diploblast?
Jelly fish
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How many germ layers do triploblastic organisms have?
Three
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What is an example of a triploblast?
A human
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What are Hox genes responsible?
They are responsible for putting the right number of appendages in the right place.
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If the Hox genes fail what is likely to happen?
Too few/many appendages
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What are the four traits used to differentiate animals?
1. Symmetry
2. Number of germ layers
3. Origin of the mouth and anus
4. Body plan and cavities
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A sponge is ----, because ----.
Asymmetrical / they lack symmetry
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An anemone has ---, because ----.
Radial symmetry / they have symmetry around a central axis
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A goat has ---, because ----.
Bilateral symmetry / because there right and left sides.
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Endoderm
Inner lining of most digestive tract organs
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Mesoderm
all muscle, bone, cartilage, blood, most other visceral organs
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Ectoderm
outer epithelium of body surface, central nervous system
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Coelom
Body cavity
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Acoelomates
Lack of a coelom
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Pseudocoelomates
False coelom
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coelomates (eucoelomates)
Has a coelom
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What is the cleavage pattern of a protostomes?
determinate spiral cleavage
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What is the cleavage pattern of a deuterostomes?
indeterminate radial cleavage
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sagittal plane
divides the body into right and left portions
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midsagittal plane
Divides the body exactly in the middle, making two equal right and left halves
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frontal plane
separates the front from the back
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transverse plane
divides the animal into upper and lower portions.
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What two cavities make up the dorsal cavity?
cranial and vertebral (or spinal)
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What two cavities make up the ventral cavity?
thoracic or abdominopelvic cavity
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what are the two limitations on size and shape?
Gravity and drag
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What has the largest surface area to Volume ratio?
A
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Endotherms
Warm blooded animals
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Ectotherms
cold blooded animals
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Which animals spend more energy on heating themselves?
Endotherms
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What are the two different types of epithilial tissue?
Stratified and simple
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Were can you find epithelial tissue?
Line cavities, open spaces, and surfaces
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Where can you find connective tissue
Connect tissues together, provide support
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What is the purpose of muscular tissue?
Movement
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What are the three types of muscular tissue?
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
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What is the purpose of neurons?
Generate and send electrical signals
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Negative Feedback Loop --- the direction of change.
reverses
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Positive Feedback Loop --- the direction of change.
strengthens