Applied Social Sciences – Lessons 1 & 2 (Grade 12 HUMSS)

Question-and-Answer flashcards introducing Social Sciences, Applied Social Sciences, and detailed concepts of Counseling—including goals, types, limitations, principles, core values, and ethics—to aid Grade 12 HUMSS students in exam review.

sociology

Academic disciplines that study human society, behavior, and institutions.

Give two examples of what Social Sciences help us understand.

Political systems, economic choices, cultural differences, social interactions (any two).

Which Social Science discipline studies government, power, and policies?

Political Science.

Which discipline focuses on production, resources, poverty, and trade?

Economics.

What does Sociology primarily study?

Social relationships and institutions.

What is the main focus of Anthropology?

Human evolution, cultures, and traditions.

Which discipline explores thoughts, emotions, and behaviors?

Psychology.

What branch of Social Science examines human interaction with place and environment?

Geography.

Which discipline investigates population statistics and trends?

Demography.

What are Applied Social Sciences?

Fields that use theories from social sciences to solve real-life problems and improve people’s lives.

Name the three main fields of Applied Social Science mentioned in the notes.

Counseling, Social Work, Communication.

How does a Social Science differ from an Applied Social Science in purpose?

Social Science is theoretical and studies society, whereas Applied Social Science is practical and solves real-world problems.

Provide a Social Science–Applied Social Science pair example from the notes.

Psychology (social science) and Counseling (applied social science).

List one shared goal between Social Sciences and Applied Social Sciences.

Understanding human behavior, using research and observation, or aiming for positive change.

In the youth political disengagement example, which Applied Social Science professional launches awareness campaigns?

A Communication Specialist.

Define Counseling in one sentence.

A process of helping a person in distress through communication, guidance, and support.

Why is counseling described as both a science and an art?

It relies on evidence-based methods (science) while requiring creativity, empathy, and flexibility (art).

Give one feature of Counseling as a SCIENCE.

Uses tested techniques, relies on research, follows structured methods, or measures client progress.

Give one feature of Counseling as an ART.

Shows empathy, listens actively, adapts to age/culture, or uses creative tools like drawings and stories.

Who are the two primary people involved in a counseling session?

The Counselor (trained helper) and the Client (person seeking help).

Which counseling goal focuses on stopping problems before they arise?

Preventive goal.

What counseling goal aims to fix existing issues a client faces?

Remedial goal.

Which goal enhances a client’s already positive qualities?

Enhancement goal.

Name the counseling goal that helps clients think, learn, and solve problems better.

Cognitive goal.

Which counseling goal is concerned with physical health and well-being?

Physiological goal.

State two common settings where counseling can occur.

Schools, families, marriages/relationships, or communities.

What type of counseling addresses conflicts within an entire family unit?

Family Counseling.

Which counseling type is designed for couples preparing for or working on marriage?

Marital/Premarital Counseling.

Identify one issue that counseling does NOT cover and requires psychiatric care.

Clinical mental illnesses such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Why is ‘dependence on client readiness’ considered a limitation of counseling?

Because progress relies on the client’s willingness to open up and participate.

What principle requires counselors to build a safe, non-judgmental environment?

Develop trust with the client.

Which principle involves helping clients maintain their improvements over time?

Support maintenance of change.

Name one action counselors must take according to professional guidelines.

Set aside personal values, listen actively and respectfully, or use empathy and positive regard.

Which core value emphasizes treating every person with kindness and fairness?

Respect for Human Dignity.

What ethical principle instructs counselors to keep private information secret unless someone is in danger?

Maintain Confidentiality.

Why should counselors ‘practice within competence limits’?

To avoid providing services they are not trained for, ensuring client safety and professional integrity.

Which ethical principle requires presenting multiple options and not forcing decisions on clients?

Expand Client Choices.