Chapter 3: India and China

Mauryan Empire

After the collapse of the ________, a number of new kingdoms arose along the edges of India in Bactria, known today as Afghanistan.

Ancient Indians

________ possessed an impressive amount of scientific knowledge, particularly in astronomy.

Chinese merchants

________ made large fortunes by trading luxury goods, such as silk, spices, teas, and porcelain.

Legalism

________ was adopted as the regimes (the government in power) official ideology.

ancient India

In ________, the dead were placed on heaps of material called pyres, which were then set on fire.

Pictographs

________ are picture symbols, usually called characters, that form a picture of the object to be represented.

Confucianism

Unlike ________ or Daoism, Legalism proposed that human beings were evil by nature.

Buddhism

Both Hinduism and ________ developed out of the Aryan culture in India.

Mohenjo Daro

At its height, Harappa had 35, 000 inhabitants, and ________ perhaps 35, 000 to 40, 000.

B.C.

Between 500 and 200 ________, toward the end of the Zhou dynasty, three major schools of thought about the nature of human beings and the universe emerged in China- Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism.

Siddhartha

________ denied the reality of the material world.

Confucius

________ was known to the Chinese as the First Teacher.

Ramayana

The ________, written at about the same time, is much shorter than the Mahabharata.

ranean Sea

The Kushans prospered from the trade that passed through their land on its way between the Mediter- ________ and the countries bordering the Pacific Ocean.

Hindu Kush

Known as the Aryans, they moved south across the ________ mountain range into the plains of northern India.

sixth century BC

In the ________, a new doctrine, called Buddhism, appeared in northern India and soon became a rival of Hinduism.

Qin Shihuangdi

________ unified the Chinese world.

China

________ under the Han dynasty was a vast empire.

Aristocracy

A(n) ________ is an upper class whose wealth is based on land and whose power is passed on from one gener- ation to another.

Daoism

________ was a system of ideas based on the teachings of Laozi.

Liu Bang

The founder of the Han dynasty was ________ , a man of peasant origin who became known by his title of Han Gaozu " (Exalted Emperor of Han)

Hindus

________ developed the practice of yoga, a method of training designed to lead to such union.

Hinduism

________ had its origins in the religious beliefs of the Aryan peoples who settled in India after 1500 B.C.

vast commercial network

India became a major crossroads in a(n) ________ that extended from the rim of the Pacific to Southwest Asia and the Mediterranean Sea.

Reincarnation

________ is the belief that the individual soul is reborn in a different form after death.

Male supremacy

________ was a key element in the social system of ancient China, as it was in the other civilizations that we have examined.

Zhou dynasty

During the ________, the basic features of Chinese economic and social life began to take shape.

Mandate of Heaven

The ________ was closely tied to the pattern of dynastic cycles.

Kushan kingdom

The ________ came to an end in the third century A.D., when invaders from Persia overran it.

Arabs

After ________ conquered parts of India in the eighth century A.D., ________ scholars adopted the Indian system.

Concept of karma

The ________ is ruled by the dharma, or the divine law.

earliest known Indian literature

The ________ comes from the Aryan tradition in the form of the Vedas, which were primarily religious.

Siddhartha Gautama

________ came from a small kingdom in the foothills of the Himalaya (in what is today southern Nepal)

Single monetary system

He (Qin Shihuangdi) created a(n) ________ and ordered the building of a system of roads throughout the entire empire.

ancient world

Like the Mahabharata (and most works of the ________), the Ramayana is strongly imbued with religious and moral lessons.

Historians of China

________ have traditionally dated the beginning of Chinese civilization to the founding of the Xia dynasty over four thousand years ago.

ancient India

Life in ________ centered on the family, the most basic unit in society.

B.C.

The early writings of the Aryans reveal that between 1500 and 400 ________, India was a world of warring kingdoms and shifting alliances.

Zhou dynasty

The ________ lasted for almost eight hundred years (1045 to 256 B.C.