Selected Normal Lab Values

SpO2 at Sea Level (Pulse Oximetry)

95-100%

arterial line: systolic

90-140 mmHg

arterial line: diastolic

60-80 mmHg

arterial line: MAP

70-100 mmHg

pulmonary artery catheterization: CVP

2-5 mmHg

pulmonary artery catheterization: R atrium (RAP)

2-8 mmHg

pulmonary artery catheterization: pulmonary artery occlusion/wedge pressure (PAOP/PAWP)

5-12 mmHg

pulmonary artery catheterization: pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)

10-15 mmHg

intracranial pressure (ICP)

4-15 mmHg

cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)

65-95 mmHg

ABG's: pH

7.35-7.45

ABG's: PaCO2

35-45 mmHg

ABG's: PaO2

>80 mmHg

ABG's: HCO3

22-26 mEg/l

ABG's: base excess (CE)

+/- 2

CBC: Hemoglobin (HgB), males

14-18 g/dl

CBC: hemoglobin (HgB), females

12-16 g/dl

CBC: hematocrit (Hct), males

42-52%

CBC: hematorit (Hct), females

37-47%

CBC: white blood cells (WBC)

5000-10,000/ul

CBC: platelets

150,000-450,000/ul

BMP: Sodium (Na+)

135-145 mEg/l

BMP: potassium (K+)

3.5-5.0 mEg/l

BMP: chloride (Cl-)

95-105 mEg/l

BMP: calcium (Ca++)

9-11 mg/dl

BMP: blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

10-20 mg/dl

BMP: creatine, serum (SCR)

0.6-1.2 mg/dl

Fasting Plasma (Blood) Glucose: glucose for adult <60

70-100 mg/dl

Fasting Plasma (Blood) Glucose: glucose for adult >60

80-110 mg/dl

Coagulation Profile: prothrombin time (PT)

11-12.5 seconds

Coagulation Profile: partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

60-70 seconds

Coagulation Profile: international normalized ratio (INR)

0.8-1.1

acid-base balance

indicates H+ in the blood; need correct balance for normal cellular metabolism;

alkalosis

high pH; decreased PaCO2, increased HCO3

acidosis

low pH; increased PaCO2, decreased HCO3

PaCO2

partial pressure of carbon dioxide in plasma; reflects adequacy of alveolar ventilation

low

high PaCO2 levels indicates HIGH/LOW pH

high

low PaCO2 levels indicates HIGH/LOW pH

low

hypoventilation results in HIGH/LOW pH

high

hyperventilation results in HIGH/LOW pH

PaO2

partial pressure of oxygen in plasma; reflects the circulating oxygen available for tissues to use

HCO3

biocarbonate; acts as a buffer to prevent extreme fluctuations in acid-base balance

base excess

total of all anionic buffer components in blood

7.8, 6.8

pH levels above ___ and below ___ can result in death.

lungs

What organs primarily function to manage PaCO2?

kidneys

What organs primarily function to regulate HCO3?

12-24 hrs

How long does it take for renal compensation to significantly have an effect on pH?

respiratory acidosis

high PaCO2 >45mmHg (alveolar hypoventilation); pH <7.35; causes = CNS depression, impaired respiratory muscle function, pulmonary disorders, massive PE, hypoventilation; symptoms = dyspnea, respiratory distress, shallow respirations, HA, restless, drowsy, confusion, coma, tachycardia, hypertension

respiratory alkalosis

low PaCO2 <35 mmHg (alveolar hyperventilation); pH <7.45; causes = psychological responses, pain, increased metabolic demands, medications, CNS lesions, cardiopulmonary; symptoms = light-headedness, inability to concentrate, blurred vision, palpitations, diaphoresis, dry mouth, tetanus

metabolic acidosis

low HCO3 <22mEq/L; pH <7.35; causes = renal failure, diabetes/DKA, anaerobic metabolism, starvation, alcoholism, diarrhea, ostomy drainage, parenteral nutrition; symptoms = Kussmaul respirations, HA, drowsy, coma, dysrhythmia, warm and flushed skin

metabolic alkalosis

high HCO3 >26mEq/L; pH >7.45; causes = excess base, loss of acids, banked blood transfusions, Cushing's syndrome; symptoms = dizzy, seizures, respiratory depression, weakness, muscle twitching/cramps, tetanus, nausea, vomiting

uncompensated

COMPENSATED or UNCOMPENSATED: p NOT between 7.35-7.45

compensated

COMPENSATED or UNCOMPENSATED: pH kept between 7.35-7.45

0.08

For every 10 point change in PaCO2 there should be a _____ change in pH in the opposite direction for uncompensated.

0.15

For every 10 point change in HCO3 there should be a _____ change in pH in the same direction for uncompensated.

full

FULL/PARTIAL compensation: pH within normal range but BOTH PaCO2 and HCO3 are out of range

partially

FULL/PARTIAL compensation: pH outside normal range but BOTH PaCO2 and HCO3 are out of range too