Unit 2.3 DNA and Inheritance

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Describe the structure of DNA

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1

Describe the structure of DNA

  • DNA is found in the nucleus part of the cell

  • DNA is made from two long chain of alternating sugar and phosphate structure, connected by bases. The two long chain of alternating sugar and phosphate structure forms a double helix shape.

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2

Describe the pairing rules in DNA

A pairs with T

C pairs with G

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3

Name the 4 bases in DNA

A = Adenine

T = Thymine

C = Cytosine

G = Guanine

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4

How does the sequence of DNA affect the protein made in protein synthesis

DNA is a triplet code where 3 bases code for one amino acid and the order of amino acid determines the protein being produced

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5

What is genetic profiling

A method of comparing DNA by cutting it into fragments and comparing the fragments with each other

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6

Give 3 uses of genetic profiling

  • Paternity testing

  • Forensic identification

  • Classification

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7

Give 2 benefit of genetic profiling

  • helps to catch criminals

  • Used to identify the presence of disease causing genes

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8

Ethical issues surrounding genetic profiling

Could be used against people by insurance companies based on a person’s predisposition to a certain disease

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9

What is a gene

A section of DNA that codes for a protein

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10

What are alleles

Different forms of genes

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11

What is a chromosome

A linear DNA molecules that are tightly coiled around proteins. Chromosomes contains genes

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12

What is a dominant alleles

The allele that show it self to and hide the recessive allele

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13

What is a recessive allele

The allele that are hidden by the dominant alleles

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14

What does homozygous mean

When an organism has two copies of the same allele

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15

What does heterozygous mean

When an organism has two different version of the same gene (one dominant, one recessive)

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16

What is genotype

The genes present for a trait

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17

What is phenotype

The visible characteristics

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18

What is selfing

When gametes from the same parent fuse

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19

What is genetic engineering

A way of altering the genome of an organism

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20

Two advantage and disadvantage of genetically modified crops

Advantages

  • Better crop yield and less will die of diseases

  • Food will last longer and taste better

Disadvantages

  • The new genes can easily spread to other plants

  • Unknown long term effect cause on health

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