Studied by 10 people
Describe the structure of DNA
DNA is found in the nucleus part of the cell
DNA is made from two long chain of alternating sugar and phosphate structure, connected by bases. The two long chain of alternating sugar and phosphate structure forms a double helix shape.
Describe the pairing rules in DNA
A pairs with T
C pairs with G
Name the 4 bases in DNA
A = Adenine
T = Thymine
C = Cytosine
G = Guanine
How does the sequence of DNA affect the protein made in protein synthesis
DNA is a triplet code where 3 bases code for one amino acid and the order of amino acid determines the protein being produced
What is genetic profiling
A method of comparing DNA by cutting it into fragments and comparing the fragments with each other
Give 3 uses of genetic profiling
Paternity testing
Forensic identification
Classification
Give 2 benefit of genetic profiling
helps to catch criminals
Used to identify the presence of disease causing genes
Ethical issues surrounding genetic profiling
Could be used against people by insurance companies based on a person’s predisposition to a certain disease
What is a gene
A section of DNA that codes for a protein
What are alleles
Different forms of genes
What is a chromosome
A linear DNA molecules that are tightly coiled around proteins. Chromosomes contains genes
What is a dominant alleles
The allele that show it self to and hide the recessive allele
What is a recessive allele
The allele that are hidden by the dominant alleles
What does homozygous mean
When an organism has two copies of the same allele
What does heterozygous mean
When an organism has two different version of the same gene (one dominant, one recessive)
What is genotype
The genes present for a trait
What is phenotype
The visible characteristics
What is selfing
When gametes from the same parent fuse
What is genetic engineering
A way of altering the genome of an organism
Two advantage and disadvantage of genetically modified crops
Advantages
Better crop yield and less will die of diseases
Food will last longer and taste better
Disadvantages
The new genes can easily spread to other plants
Unknown long term effect cause on health
Note 
Flashcard (102)