1.1 Lab Techniques

studied byStudied by 1 person
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

Lab hazards

1 / 28

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Biology

29 Terms

1

Lab hazards

Toxic or corrosive chemicals, heat or flammable substances, pathogenic organisms, and mechanical equipment.

New cards
2

Risk

The likelihood of harm arising from exposure to a hazard.

New cards
3

Risk assessment

Identifying control measures to minimise the risk.

New cards
4

Control measures

Using appropriate handling techniques, protective clothing and equipment, and aseptic technique.

New cards
5

Linear dilutions

Dilutions differ by an equal interval, for example 0·1, 0·2, 0·3

New cards
6

Log dilutions

Dilutions differ by a constant proportion, for example 0.1, 0.01, 0.001

New cards
7

Standard Curve

Plotting measured values for known concentrations to produce a line or curve allowing the concentration of an unknown to be determined

New cards
8

Buffers

Addition of acid or alkali has very small effects on the pH of a buffer, allowing the pH of a reaction mixture to be kept constant.

New cards
9

Use of a colorimeter to measure absorbance

Can determine concentration of a coloured solution using suitable wavelength filters

New cards
10

Use of a colorimeter to measure % transmission

Can determine turbidity, such as cells in suspension.

New cards
11

Centrifugation

Separation by density. More dense components settle in the pellet; less dense components remain in the supernatant.

New cards
12

Paper and thin layer chromatography

Can be used for separating different substances such as amino acids and sugars. The speed that each solute travels along the chromatogram depends on its differing solubility in the solvent used.

New cards
13

Affinity chromatography

A solid matrix or gel column is created with specific molecules bound to the matrix or gel. Soluble, target proteins in a mixture, with a high affinity for these molecules, become attached to them as the mixture passes down the column. Other non-target molecules with a weaker affinity are washed out.

New cards
14

Gel electrophoresis

Charged macromolecules move through an electric field applied to a gel matrix. Used to separate proteins and nucleic acids.

New cards
15

Native gels

These do not denature the molecule so that separation is by shape, size and charge.

New cards
16

SDS-PAGE

Gives all the molecules an equally negative charge and denatures them, separating proteins by size alone.

New cards
17

Isoelectric point

The pH at which a soluble protein has no net charge and will precipitate out of solution. If the solution is buffered to a specific pH, only the protein(s) that have an IEP of that pH will precipitate. Soluble proteins can be separated using an electric field and a pH gradient.

New cards
18

Immunoassay techniques

Used to detect and identify specific proteins

New cards
19

Monoclonal antibodies

Stocks of antibodies with the same specificity used in immunoassay techniques

New cards
20

Chemical labels

Often a reporter enzyme producing a colour change, but chemiluminescence, fluorescence and specific antigens to detect the presence of antibodies.

New cards
21

Western blotting

A technique, used after SDS-PAGE electrophoresis The separated proteins from the gel are transferred (blotted) onto a solid medium. The proteins can be identified using specific antibodies that have reporter enzymes attached

New cards
22

Bright field microscopy

Commonly used to observe whole organisms, parts of organisms, thin sections of dissected tissue or individual cells

New cards
23

Fluorescence microscopy

Uses specific fluorescent labels to bind to and visualise certain molecules or structures within cells or tissues

New cards
24

Aseptic technique

Eliminates unwanted microbial contaminants when culturing microorganisms or cells. It involves the sterilisation of equipment and culture media by heat or chemical means and subsequent exclusion of microbial contaminants.

New cards
25

Starting a microbial culture

By using an inoculum of microbial cells on an agar medium, or in a broth with suitable nutrients

New cards
26

Animal cell cultures

Grown in medium containing growth factors from serum. In culture, primary cell lines can divide a limited number of times, whereas tumour cells lines can perform unlimited divisions

New cards
27

Growth factors

Proteins that promote cell growth and proliferation.

New cards
28

Haemocytometers

Used to elimate a cell count in a liquid culture

New cards
29

Vital staining

Used to determine a viable cell count by staining.

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
... ago
4.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 30 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 112 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 141 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 6 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 7 people
... ago
5.0(5)
note Note
studied byStudied by 16881 people
... ago
4.6(65)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (48)
studied byStudied by 9 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (26)
studied byStudied by 20 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (30)
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (42)
studied byStudied by 37 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (60)
studied byStudied by 10 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (46)
studied byStudied by 12 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (23)
studied byStudied by 20 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (38)
studied byStudied by 2070 people
... ago
4.5(26)
robot