Week 1-4 I.D.'s

Reconquista (week 2)

The christian effort to take Spain back from Muslim rule.

Treaty of Tordesillas (week 2)

An agreement that divided newly discovered lands between Spain + Portugal.

Hernán Cortés (week 2)

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire.

Fransisco Pizzaro (week 2)

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca empire.

Conquistadors (week 2)

Spanish explorers and soldiers who conquered lands in the Americas.

Bartolomé de las Casas (week 2)

Spanish Priest who defended Native Americans frfom mistreatment.

Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda (week 2)

Spanish thinker who argued that Spain had the right to conquer and rule Native Americans.

Mestizo (week 2)

A person of European and Native Americans ancentry.

Spanish Mission System (week 2)

A system used by Spain to Convert Native Americans to Christianity and control settlements.

Patosi (week 2)

A city in modern-day Bolivia, famous for its huge silver mines.

The Bering Land Bridge (week1)

A land bridge that once connected Asia and North America, allowing people and animals to migrate between them.

“Three Sisters” Agriculture (week1)

Growing corn, beans, and squash together because they help each other grow.

Maize (week1)

Another name for corn, a major crop grown by the indians.

The “Great Plains” (week1)

A large, flat grassland region in the middle of North America.

Aztec (week1)

A powerful civilization that lived in central Mexico and built the capitol city of Tenochtitlan.

Maya (week1)

An ancient civilization in Central America and Southern Mexico known for its cities, writing, math, and calendars.

Inca (week1)

A powerful civilization in South America that built a large empire in the Andes Mountains.

Pueblo (week1)

Native American peoples of the Southwestern United States known for building homes from Adobe. (clay)

Animism (week1)

The belief that animals, plants, and objects have spirits.

Neolithic (week1)

The New Stone Age, when people began farming and living in permanent settlements.

The Lost Colony (Roanoke)

An English colony that mysteriously disappeared from Roanoke Island.

Headright System

A system that gave land to people who paid for workers to come to America.

John Winthrop

A Puritan leader who helped establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Jamestown Massacre of 1622

An attack by Native Americans on English settlers in Virginia.

Mayflower Compact

An agreement by Pilgrims to create rules for self-government.

Puritans

English Protestants who wanted to reform the Church of England.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A colony founded by Puritans for religious freedom.

William Penn

Founder of Pennsylvania and a leader of the Quakers.

Quakers

A Christian group that believed in equality and religious freedom.

Maryland Toleration Act

A law that protected Christians from religious persecution in Maryland.

How did the Native Americans first arrive in North America?

They crossed over a land bridge exposed during an ice age.

Native American societies were highly diverse, and their lifestyles varied considerably across the Americas.

True

The most powerful and advanced Native civilizations were…

The Aztec, Maya, and Inca in Central and South America.

What was the most important crop grown among the Native Americans?

Corn, Beans, and Squash. “Three Sister Crops”.

What is most true regarding the Native American societies?

They participated in complex long-distance trade networks.

What statement is most true regarding the Native Americans?

They could be brutal and violent, practicing cannibalism and human sacrifice.

What is Animism?

The belief that every animal, place, or object has a spirit.

Which Native society created large earthen mounds in a major river valley?

The Mississippian.

Which Native society lived in adobe (or mud) homes in cliffs and canyons?

The Pueblo.

Pre-1492 Native American societies lived in a stage of development most similar to human beings who had lived in the _____ ___.

Stone age.

What event led to Spain’s eventual discovery of the Americas?

They were looking for a route to Asia that avoided Africa and the Middle East.

How did Columbus end up finding the “new world”?

He was attempting to reach Asia by sailing west across the ocean.

Which of these best describes the “Columbian Exchange”?

The exchange of goods, ideas, etc., between America and the “old world.”

What was decided by the Treaty of Tordesillas?

Land that was divided by Spain, and Portugal.

Which is most responsible for the widespread death of Natives?

European diseases such as smallpox.

What was the most important crop grown among the Native Americans?

Corn.

What was the role of the Catholic Church in Spain’s colonization efforts?

The Church baptized natives and provided services to Indians.

What best describes the viewpoints of Bartolomé de las Casas? describes

Mistreatment of the Natives was unchristian and had to be stopped.

The Spanish completely ignored the rights and needs of the native Americans and did not consider the question even worthy of discussion.

False.

______ was a Spanish colonial mining town famous for its rich silver deposits.

Poltía.