MBA 757 Mod 2 -Principles of Communication and Leadership Strategies

Communication Importance

Essential for survival and organizational success.

Manager Communication Time

50-90% of managers' day involves communication.

Accountant Communication Time

80% of accountants' time is spent communicating.

Daily Emails

Fortune 500 employees send 178 emails daily.

Medical Errors

60% of errors stem from miscommunication.

Miscommunication Impact

14% of workweek lost to miscommunication.

Revenue Increase

Improving communication can boost revenue by 7%.

Adler and El Horst Principles

Framework outlining key communication principles.

Non-Verbal Communication

Non-verbal cues significantly influence communication.

Two Messages

Messages sent differ from those received.

Relational and Content Levels

Communication operates on relational and content levels.

Affinity

Degree of liking between communicators.

Control

Amount of influence over the other person.

Respect

Mutual regard between communicators.

Communication Process

Ongoing exchange of messages between parties.

Panacea

False belief that communication solves all issues.

Transactional Communication

Both parties act as senders and receivers.

Noise

Barriers that disrupt effective communication.

Physical Context

Environmental factors affecting communication clarity.

Physiological Context

Biological factors influencing communication.

Psychological Context

Mental state affecting communication perception.

Social Context

Rules guiding communication based on relationships.

Cultural Context

Influence of individual identities on communication.

Social Penetration Theory

Understanding others involves peeling back layers.

Selection Perception - barrier in communication

Ignoring information that is uninteresting or disliked.

Information Overload - barrier in communication

Excessive information leads to disengagement.

Carvile and Beagalas Pyramid

Hierarchy of understanding among individuals.

1% are subject experts
5% influencers know alot but not experts
15% well read
79% rationally ignorant

Ambush Listeners

Listen only to find faults in the speaker.

Defensive Listeners

Listen with the expectation of criticism.

Language Sensitivity

Awareness of language's impact on others.

Denotative Language

Literal dictionary definitions of words.

Connotative Language

Emotional or cultural meanings of words.

Figurative Language

Words with implied meanings beyond literal.

Neologisms

Newly created words added to language.

Strategic Word Choices

Deliberate selection of words for clarity.

Inclusive Language

Language that fosters inclusion and belonging.

Communication Value

Non-verbal cues have intentional or unintentional meaning.

Intrinsic Cues

Biological signals like fever or pupil dilation.

Iconic Cues

Physical expressions derived from intrinsic cues.

Arbitrary Cues

Cues associated with specific cultural groups.

Proxemics

Study of personal space in communication.

Kinesics

Study of body movement in communication.

Listening vs. Hearing

Listening involves perception; hearing is physiological.

People-Oriented Listener

Focuses on nurturing relationships in communication.

Action-Oriented Listener

Prioritizes tasks and outcomes in communication.

Content-Oriented Listener

Seeks detailed information from credible sources.

Time-Oriented Listener

Values efficiency and views time as scarce.

Physiological Barriers

Age-related hearing loss affects listening ability.

Environmental Barriers

External noise that disrupts effective listening.

Cultural Intelligence (CQ)

Ability to understand and adapt to cultural differences.

Emotional Intelligence (EQ)

Capacity to recognize and manage emotions in self and others.

Rogers' Listening Rules

Guidelines for effective listening and responding.

Congruence

Alignment of thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Relational Transparency

Openness about personal goals and values.

GIVE Model

Framework for leader communication: Goals, Identity, Values, Emotions. This is part of relational transparency

Advocacy Storytelling

Communicating a message to inspire action.

Three Acts of Storytelling

Prologue, Act 1, Act 2, Act 3 structure.

Trust

Willingness to be vulnerable with another person.

Distrust

Perception that personal values are not safe.

Job Satisfaction Predictor

Trust significantly influences job satisfaction levels.

What are Adlers principles for effective communication

Active Listening: Engaging fully in the listening process to understand and respond thoughtfully.

Clarity and Conciseness: Ensuring the message is clear and not overloaded with unnecessary details.

Feedback: The importance of giving and receiving constructive feedback to ensure understanding.

Adaptability: Being able to adjust communication styles depending on the audience or context.

Empathy: Considering others' feelings and perspectives to create meaningful dialogue.

What are the 5 traits of effective communication by Adler

Active listening
Clarity and Conciseness
Feedback
Adaptability
Empathy

What is relational communication

the communication implies about the relationship between the communicators and how they feel about each other. It encompasses the emotional tone, power dynamics, and subtleties of how the message is delivered.
It deals with the how of the message—emotions, attitudes, and relational context

what is content in communication

This aspect of communication refers to the literal information or the actual message being conveyed. It's the surface-level meaning of what is said.
this is the what of a message

how does relational and content communication relate to one another

Interconnectedness: Relational and content messages are often communicated simultaneously. How someone says something (relational) can greatly affect how the content is perceived.

Significance: Understanding both dimensions is important for effective communication. The relational aspect helps to interpret the content more accurately and fosters better interpersonal relationships.

Nonverbal Cues: Relational communication often relies heavily on nonverbal cues like tone, facial expressions, posture, and gestures.

What are the 7 rules of Rogers active listening

1.Be fully present- actively be engaged and focus on the speaker, keep non verbal cues like eye contact to show this
2.Listen without judgement - listen without forming opinions, use empathy to understand other persons perspective
3.Reflect and paraphrase-clarification by repeating or rephrsing what speaker
says back to them shows you are validating and understand what they are saying
4.Avoid interrupting- have patience to listen fully and not interrupt, let the speaker go through natural speech pauses
5.Ask open ended questions- encourage deeper conversatoin by asking open ended questions, allow them to explore in the topic
6.Show empathy - show empathaitc gestures and statements, shows you understand the emotions behind the message
7.Hold space for silence- pause and do not rush to fill silence, let them process. sometimes silence shows even more active listening

What are the 5 principles of non verbal communication

- it always has communicative value intentional or unintentional, you have to be self aware

- its powerful

-it is primary way to show attitude

-its ambiguous and abstract

-often tied to cultures

What are 3 types of non verbal cues

-Intrinsic cues- direct ties to biology, like a fever, pupil dialation et)
-Iconic cues- cues that come from intrinsic like scratching an itch
-Arbitrary cues- created by or associated to a group like peace sign or wearing graduation robes

What are the 11 non verbal comms areas

Body language and posture
eyes
facial expressions
Proxemics- space
Kinesics- movement
Touch
Physical appearance
Time
Environment
Voice
Choice of words

What are 5 principles of communication Adler and Horst

Comms is always happening verbal or non verbal
Comms has 2 messages, the one we send and the one the receiver takes in
Comms operates both in context ( the what) and relational (the why)
Comms is a process
Comms is not a panacea-( just because we communicate well does'nt solve all)

What are the 3 areas of relational comunnication

- Affinity- degree person likes the message and the person
- Control - amount of control over other person
-Respect- does the person respect the other

What are 7 factors involved in communication

1.Physical context - environmental factors like noise, room your are in
2.Physiological context- biologic factors within us
3.Psychological context - mental or emotional state
4.Social context- stated or unstated rules that guide comms ( like depth of friendship or relationship of communicators)
5.Relational context- previous interpersonal history
6.Cultural context - indvl identities
7.Time - day, time zone, lives(how has time effected your life experience based on your age , more life happened)

what are 2 barriers in workplace communication

gossip and filtering messages

What are 3 examples of the power of word choice in communication

-Affects identity
-Affects relationships and affiliations
-Linguistic determinism - language determines how we perceive and think. words like can't change change how you perceive

What are the 5 factors involved in listening

-receiving
-interpreting
-recalling
-evaluating
-responding

What are the 4 types of listeners

-people oriented- nurturing , concerned with relationships
-action oriented- concerned with task at hand
-content oriented-want to hear details, prefer experts, credible sources for info
-time oriented- concerned with efficiency view time as scarce commodity

What are 7 causes of poor listening

1.Environmetal barriers - external noise
2.Concentration skills- our brains process alot faster than we speak
3.Attitude barriers- bad attitude towards speaker , subject et
4.False assumptions - we have been through this before so we assume we know how to handle another situation
5.Sociocultural barriers CQ- cultural intelligence - because we are different cultures it prevents us at time from listening to understand
6.Low EQ - emotional intelligence
7. Lack of training

What are Rogers 5 rules for being a better listener

1.listen for message content, is it relational or task
2.listen for feelings
3.respond to feelings- express support verbally or non verbally
4.note all cues
5.paraphrase and restate

What are the 3 factors in congruence in communication

thinking
feeling
action

Relational transparency is based on the GIVE model, what is this

G- GOALS. this is the why , the motivation for doing something . explain the why, people want to knw what is in it for them

I-IDENTITY. this can also be thought of as credibility. how does your experience tie into the subject, people follow people who have knowledge

V-VALUES
what are the values that define you and that are relevant in this situation. how can you use your value to motivate others. our values also tie into your motivation

E- EMOTIONS. two types of comms are relational and content. you have to be tied emotionally to the message, disclose some emotion, if you dont care about the topic your folllowers wont. You have to be able to regulate appropriate emotions

Simon Sinek notes storytelling is important comms for leaders. what is the "3 act" model

Act 1-set up the story and background
Act 2- meat of the story
Act 3- conclusion, call to action, recall goals