PAES 414-1:2002 Agricultural Structures - Waste Management Structures Part 1: Agricultural Liquid Waste

DENR A.O. No. 34, 1990

Revised Water Usage and Classification/Water Quality Criteria Amending Section Nos. 68 and 69, Chapter III of 1978 NPCC Rules and Regulations

DENR A.O. No. 35, 1990

Revised Effluent Regulations of 1990

PAES 413:2001

Agricultural Structures - Biogas Plant

PAES 414-2:2002

Agricultural Structures - Waste Management Structures: Part 2 - Agricultural Solid Waste - Composting

PD 1067

Water Code

PD 1152

Provisions of the Environmental Code on Solid and Liquid Waste Disposal

aerobic

requires free oxygen

agricultural liquid waste

consist of liquid waste and slurry resulting from the production of livestock and poultry; and processing of crops, livestock and poultry

anaerobic

presence of free oxygen is not required

clean runoff

runoff not contaminated with manure such as runoff from roofs, grassed areas, drives and other areas which are not animal alleys

disinfection

process of killing all pathogenic microorganisms

dissolved solids

part of total solids passing through the filter in a filtration procedure

effluent

liquid waste, partially or completely treated, flowing out of a reservoir, basin, or wastewater treatment plant

facultative lagoons

lagoons that can function as aerobic or anaerobic depending on the environment

fixed solids

part of total solids remaining after volatile gases driven off at 600o C

grit

non-biodegradable component of liquid waste composed of sand, gravel, cinders or other heavy solid materials

holding pond

storage where liquid waste is stored before final disposal

influent

liquid that flows into a containing space

lagoon

pit in the ground where liquid waste is stored to produce a higher quality effluent

liners

system of clay layers and/or geosynthetic membranes used to contain leachate and reduce or prevent contaminant flow to groundwater

lot runoff

rainfall containing animal manure

manure

accumulated moist animal excrement that does not undergo decomposition or drying; it include feces and urine which may be mixed with bedding material, spilled feed or soil

pathogenic microorganism

microorganism capable of causing diseases

primary treatment

treatment that causes substances in liquid waste to readily settle or float

secondary treatment

treatment used to convert dissolved or suspended materials into a form more readily separated from the liquid waste being treated

sludge

precipitate resulting from coagulation or sedimentation of liquid waste

slurry

watery mixture of insoluble solid

suspended solids

solids removed by filtration

total solids

residue remaining after water is removed from waste material by evaporation

volatile solids

part of total solids driven off as volatile gases when heated to 600o C

5-day Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5 )

quantity of oxygen needed to satisfy biochemical oxidation of organic matter in waste sample in 5 days at 20o C

1. Collection

2. Reception pit

3. Screening

4. Size-reduction

5. Solid-liquid separation

6. Oil and Grease interceptor

7. Storage

8. Treatment

9. Holding Pond

10. Effluent Treatment

11. Sludge Treatment

12. Odor Control

Components and structures for liquid waste management (Main 12)

1. Alleys

- Scrape alleys

- Flush alleys

2. Gutters

- Gravity drain gutters

- Step-dam gutters

- Scrape gutters

- Flush Gutters

Components and structures for liquid waste management (Collection and subcomponents)

1. Grit chamber

- Horizontal flow

- Aerated Grit

- Vortex

2. Sedimentation Tank

3. Settling channel

4. Screening

5. Evaporation

Components and structures for liquid waste management (Solid-liquid separation and subcomponents)

1. Storage gutters

2. Storage tanks

3. Storage pond

Components and structures for liquid waste management (Storage)

1. Anaerobic lagoons

2. Aerobic lagoons

3. Facultative lagoons

4. Mechanically aerated lagoons

5. Wetlands and aquatic treatment system

- Free-water-surface constructed wetlands

- Subsurface-flow constructed wetlands

- Floating aquatic plant systems

+ Aerobic non-aerated

+ Aerobic aerated

- Combination Systems

Components and structures for liquid waste management (Treatment)

AO 34 and 35

Water Code (PD 1067)

Environmental Code on Solid and Liquid Waste Disposal (PD 1152)

The location of liquid waste facility shall conform with the existing zoning, land use standards, rules and regulations set by Department of Environment and Natural Resources (________________) and other national policies such as ____________________ and _______________________

15% clay content

sealant

It shall be constructed on soils with at least ___________________. If constructed in other soil types, ____________ shall be provided.

1 m - 3 m

75 mm

100 mm - 150 mm

1.25% - 5%

Flush alley shall be _________ depending on animal type. The initial flow depth should be _________ for underslat alley and _________________ for open alleys. The grade of the alley should be ________________.

water tanks and pumps

Flush alley shall be provided with cleaning mechanism such as _________ and ________.

760 mm

150 mm

1%

Gravity drain gutter

For swine buildings, deep and narrow gutters are recommended. The minimum depth shall be _____ and the width shall be _____. The bottom slope shall be ____ towards the drain.

150 mm

760 mm

Step-dam gutter is recommended for collecting cattle manure . A ______ high dam should be provided to hold back manure in a flat-bottomed channel. The gutter should be about _____ wide and should steps down to a deeper cross channel below the dam

0.4 m - 0.6 m

0.3 m - 0.4 m

Scrape gutter is recommended for confined stall barns. Scrape gutters shall be _____________ wide; _____________ deep and generally does not have a bottom slope. It should be provided with paddles designed to move manure forward and down the gutter.

0.6 m

0% - 5%

Flush gutters shall have a minimum depth of ______ on the shallow end. The depth should be either constant or increases as the length of the gutter increases. The bottom slope should be _____________ depending on the storage requirements and clean out technique. It should be provided with flushing tanks or high volume pumps.

Pipes and culverts

_______ and ______ used to transfer liquid wastes from storage gutters and pits to lagoons or storage

Open concrete channels

______________ should be designed to carry the runoff.

reception pit

Slurry and liquid waste collected by scraping, gravity flow or flushing should be collected in a ______________.

cast-in-place reinforced concrete or reinforced concrete block

It should be constructed of ___________________ or _________________. Reinforcing steel should be added so that the walls can withstand internal and external loads.

Coarse screening

The screening element consist of parallel bars, rods or wires.

Size reduction

____________________________ should be provided to cut solids in the liquid waste passing through the device to about 6 mm. It shall be installed after the screen.

Shredder or comminutor

______________ or ______________ should be constructed with a bypass arrangement so that a manual bar rack is used in case flow rates exceed the capacity of the comminutor or in case there is a power or mechanical failure.

0.3 m - 0.9 m

Headloss through the comminutor should range from ___________.

Grit chamber

_______________ should be designed to remove particles equivalent to fine sand (0.25 mm - 3.2 mm diameter with a specific gravity of 2.65).

3:1 - 5:1

Tanks should either be rectangular or circular. Length to width ratio of rectangular tanks should be ______________

Evaporation

Dries or dehydrates solids in a pond or can be aided by supplemental heat in a dryer.

0.1 % - 0.3 %

Side slopes should be 3:1 or less and the bottom slopes should be ______________ to maintain low velocities and rapid settling.

1 - 3

The volume for interceptor tank should be ______ times the average daily flow rate.

760 mm

150 mm

Gutters should have a minimum depth of _____ and width of _____ with a bottom slope of 1%.

submerged centrifugal chopper pump

Storage tanks should be provided with a _______________________________.

18 kg

Covers for tank opening should be non-floating and weigh at least ______.

Inlet devices

_____________ should discharge into the lagoon at a point beyond the cut slope of the embankment. It should be either located above or below the lagoon surface.

200 mm

Pipes or open channels should be used with a minimum dimension of _________.

2.5 m

Top width should be at least ______ to allow access for tractors and pumps.

Outlet devices

_________ should be installed in a manner that allows effluent to be taken at a level 150 mm - 450 mm below the surface.

Effluent

anaerobic

_________ from an __________ lagoon should not be discharged to streams, lakes or waterways. Lagoon should overflow to a subsequent storage or treatment cell.

Lagoon supernatant

_________________________ should be applied to the land without producing surface runoff, in such amounts that undesirable levels of nutrients or toxic materials do not accumulate in the soil, plants, soil water, groundwater or runoff.

60%

Adequate water should be available to establish and maintain the minimum operating level of the lagoon at _____ of the design depth.

100 mm - 450 mm

The emergent vegetation should be flooded to a depth of ______________

0.4 % - 0.5 %

The basin should have a slope of _______________

2 days - 5 days

Detention time should range from _____________ for free-water-surface constructed wetlands

3 days - 4 days

Detention time should range from _______________ for Subsurface-flow constructed wetlands

collection

The _______________ function involves the initial capture and gathering of waste from the point of origin or deposition to a collection point.

Storage

____________ function components include waste storage ponds and structures. ___________ structures include tanks and stacking facilities.

2.5 m

Top width should be at least ______ to allow access for tractors and pumps.

Outlet devices

_________ should be installed in a manner that allows effluent to be taken at a level 150 mm - 450 mm below the surface.

Effluent

anaerobic

_________ from an __________ lagoon should not be discharged to streams, lakes or waterways. Lagoon should overflow to a subsequent storage or treatment cell.

Lagoon supernatant

_________________________ should be applied to the land without producing surface runoff, in such amounts that undesirable levels of nutrients or toxic materials do not accumulate in the soil, plants, soil water, groundwater or runoff.

60%

Adequate water should be available to establish and maintain the minimum operating level of the lagoon at _____ of the design depth.

100 mm - 450 mm

The emergent vegetation should be flooded to a depth of ______________

0.4 % - 0.5 %

The basin should have a slope of _______________

Detention time should range from ______________.

2.5 m

Top width should be at least ______ to allow access for tractors and pumps.

Outlet devices

_________ should be installed in a manner that allows effluent to be taken at a level 150 mm - 450 mm below the surface.

Effluent

anaerobic

_________ from an __________ lagoon should not be discharged to streams, lakes or waterways. Lagoon should overflow to a subsequent storage or treatment cell.

1 - 3

The volume for interceptor tank should be ______ times the average daily flow rate.

Coarse screening

The screening element consist of parallel bars, rods or wires.