Psychology - Learning

Factor to define learning (1):

Inferred from a change in behavior/performance.

Factor to define learning (2):

results in an inferred change in memory.

Factor to define learning (3):

the result of an experience.

Factor to define learning (4):

relatively permanent.

Pavlov’s experiment

Rang a bell and brought a dog food, repeat this step 7-10 times, rang the ball again and did not bring food, resulted in dog salivating to the sound of the bell

Unconditioned stimulus

A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without any prior conditioning.

Unconditioned response

An unlearned reaction/response to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without prior condition

Conditioned stimulus

A previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, learned to evoke a conditional response.

Conditioned response

A learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of prior conditioning.

Skinner Box Experiment

Chamber with hungry rats and pigeons that had a lever disposing food + water. Displayed how positive reinforcement works.

Positive reinforcement

Use of reward to promote learning or behavior change, ex. training a dog tricks with treats

Negative reinforcement

Taking something away/withholding negative actions to promote change, ex. vibration/shock collars on dogs

Reinforcement

Increases probability of a response reoccurring

Punishment

Decreases probability of a response reoccurring

Positive punishment example

slapping the hand of a child grabbing treats

Negative punishment example

One dollar removed from piggy bank

Shaping

Operant conditioning method for creating entirely NEW behavior by using rewards to guide an organism to a desired behavior. ex. squirrels that can skii (why??)

Attention

Various factors increase/decrease the amount of attention paid

Memory

Remembering what you paid attention to. Cognitive organisation

Behavior

Reproducing the image.

Motivation

Having a good reason to imitate. ex. promised/imagined incentives