week 1 flashcards

Flashcards covering maternal nursing principles, standards of practice, female and male reproductive anatomy, menstrual cycles, gynecological conditions, STIs, TORCH infections, infertility, and contraceptive methods based on lecture slides.

Maternal Nursing Care

Nursing care provided to childbearing women and their families across all stages of pregnancy: preconception, antepartum (during pregnancy), intrapartum (labor and birth), and postpartum (first 6 weeks after birth).

State Nurse Practice Acts

State-level laws establishing the authority and scope of nursing practice, board of nursing composition, licensing requirements, educational standards, and grounds for disciplinary action.

Gordon's 11 Functional Health Patterns

A standardized nursing assessment framework organizing client data into 11 categories: Health Perception/Management, Nutritional-Metabolic, Elimination, Activity-Exercise, Cognitive-Perceptual, Sleep-Rest, Self-Perception/Concept, Role-Relationship, Sexuality-Reproductive, Coping/Stress Tolerance, and Value-Belief.

Beneficence

The ethical principle requiring nurses to act in the best interest of the individual and provide benefit.

Non-maleficence

The ethical principle of avoiding and doing no harm to the client.

Autonomy

The ethical principle of respecting an individual's freedom to make their own healthcare decisions.

Justice

The ethical principle of treating all individuals with fairness, equality, and impartiality.

Primary Prevention

Healthcare measures aimed at preventing disease or injury before it occurs, such as immunizations, contraceptive education, and safety policies.

Secondary Prevention

Healthcare activities focused on early detection and prompt treatment of disease, such as Pap tests, STI screenings, and blood pressure checks.

Tertiary Prevention

Interventions aimed at reducing complications and restoring optimal function after a disease or injury has occurred, such as rehabilitation care and support groups.

Cultural Competence

The continuous process of seeking knowledge and skills to provide culturally sensitive nursing care.

Cultural Humility

A lifelong commitment to self-evaluation, self-reflection, and continuous learning regarding client diversity and identity.

Ampulla

The portion of the fallopian tube where fertilization typically occurs.

Prolactin

The hormone primarily responsible for driving milk production in the breasts during lactation.

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

The pregnancy hormone secreted by the placenta to maintain the corpus luteum.

Relaxin

A hormone secreted during pregnancy that softens and lengthens the cervix, promotes uterine relaxation, and loosens pelvic ligaments.

Spinnbarkeit

Clear, stretchable cervical mucus produced under high estrogen levels near the time of ovulation.

Mittelschmerz

Localized lower abdominal pain experienced by some women during or near the time of ovulation.

Ferning

A microscopic palm-leaf pattern formed by a specimen of dried cervical mucus or saliva due to high estrogen levels prior to ovulation.

Climacteric Phase

The transitional phase of life during which ovarian function gradually declines.

Menopause

The permanent cessation of menses diagnosed after a woman has experienced 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

A pattern of abusive behavior by a current or former partner used to exert power and control; it is the most common form of violence against women.

HITS Form

A 4-question verbal IPV screening tool that assesses whether a partner physically hurts, insults, threatens, or screams at the client.

SANE Nurse

Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner; a registered nurse trained to provide specialized, trauma-informed physical care and forensic evidence collection for survivors of sexual assault.

Primary Amenorrhea

The condition in which a female has never experienced menstruation.

Secondary Amenorrhea

The absence of menses for 6 consecutive months in a female who previously had established menstrual cycles.

Primary Dysmenorrhea

Menstrual pain associated with ovulatory cycles resulting from excess prostaglandin secretion without underlying pelvic pathology.

Secondary Dysmenorrhea

Menstrual pain that develops later in life secondary to an underlying organic pelvic pathology such as endometriosis or fibroids.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

A severe form of premenstrual syndrome marked by disabling physical, emotional, and psychological symptoms during the luteal phase.

Endometriosis

The ectopic growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity, leading to chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and potential infertility.

Leiomyomas

Benign solid smooth muscle tumors of the uterus, also known as fibroids, which represent a leading indication for hysterectomy.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

An endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, irregular periods, anovulation, elevated estrogen and LH, reduced FSH, and insulin resistance.

Chlamydia

The most common bacterial STI in the United States, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, treated with azithromycin or doxycycline, and a primary cause of PID and infant conjunctivitis.

Gonorrhea

A bacterial STI caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae presenting with greenish-yellow purulent endocervical discharge, treated with single-dose intramuscular ceftriaxone.

Syphilis

A sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, diagnosed using RPR or VDRL tests, and treated with Penicillin G.

Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction

A sudden systemic reaction (fever, chills, headache) occurring within 24 hours of starting antibiotic treatment for syphilis due to rapid breakdown of spirochetes.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

An ascending microbial infection of the upper female genital tract (uterus, tubes) commonly secondary to chlamydia or gonorrhea, posing risks for ectopic pregnancy and chronic pain.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

The most prevalent viral STI in ambulatory settings, responsible for genital warts (condylomata) and strongly linked to cervical cancer.

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

A non-STD vaginal alteration caused by overgrowth of Gardnerella, presenting with a thin white discharge and a fishy odor, managed with oral or topical metronidazole.

Trichomoniasis

An STI caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, featuring a frothy, yellow-green foul-smelling discharge and strawberry-red cervical petechiae.

Group B Streptococcus (GBS)

A bacterium colonizing the lower GI/vaginal tract screened via rectovaginal swab at 35–37 weeks gestation; positive clients receive intrapartum IV antibiotic prophylaxis.

TORCH Infections

An acronym for maternal infectious organisms capable of crossing the placenta: Toxoplasmosis, Other (Hepatitis), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes Simplex.

Primary Infertility

The inability of a couple to conceive after attempting pregnancy for one year when no prior pregnancy has occurred.

Secondary Infertility

The inability of a couple to conceive after one year of regular unprotected intercourse when a previous pregnancy was successfully achieved.

Semen Analysis

The primary screening test for male fertility, evaluating semen volume ($\ge 1.5\text{ mL}$), pH ($\ge 7.2$), sperm concentration ($> 15\text{ million/mL}$), total count ($> 39\text{ million}$), and motility ($40\%$).

Varicocele

An abnormal enlargement of the spermatic veins within the scrotum that can negatively affect sperm quality.

Cryptorchidism

A congenital disorder marked by the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotal sac.

Clomiphene Citrate

An oral first-line medication used to induce ovulation in anovulatory females seeking fertility treatment.

ACHES Acronym

A mnemonic identifying severe potential complications of combined oral contraceptives: Abdominal pain, Chest pain/dyspnea, Headaches, Eye changes, and Severe leg pain.

Depo-Provera

An injectable progestin-only contraceptive (medroxyprogesterone acetate) given every 11 to 13 weeks; long-term use requires monitoring due to a black box warning for bone mineral density loss.

Plan B One-Step

An over-the-counter emergency levonorgestrel contraceptive pill that prevents ovulation/fertilization when taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex.

Vasectomy

A surgical male sterilization procedure that severs or occludes the vas deferens; sterility must be confirmed by 2 to 3 clear post-procedure semen analyses.