Chapter 6: Molecular, Polymer and Giant Covalent Structure

simple covalent

The intermolecular forces between polymer molecules are larger than between ________ molecules, so more energy is needed to break them.

covalent bonds

It can form four ________ with hydrogen atoms to fill up its outer shell.

Carbon

________ has four outer electrons, which is half a full shell.

carbon atom

Each ________ also has one delocalised (free) electron.

atoms

All the ________ in a polymer are joined by strong covalent bonds.

high melting

They have very ________ and boiling points as lots of energy is needed to break the covalent bonds between the atoms.

Nitrogen atoms

________ need three more electrons so two ________ share three pairs of electrons to fill their outer shells.

Simple molecular substances

________ are made up of molecules containing a few atoms joined together by covalent bonds.

strong covalent bonds

The atoms within the molecules are held together by very ________.

water molecules

In ________, the oxygen shares a pair of electrons with two H atoms to form two single covalent bonds.

ocygen atom

Each ________ needs two more electrons to complete its outer shell so in oxygen gas two oxyegn atoms share two pairs of electrons with each other making a double covalent bond.

carbon atom forms

Each ________ three covalent bonds to create layers of hexagons.

chlorine atom

Each ________ needs just one more electron to complete the outer shell so two ________ can share one pair of electrons and form a single covalent bond.

Hydrogen forms

single covalent bonds

Oxygen forms

two pairs of electrons

Methane forms

Four covalent bonds and hydrogen atoms

Chlorine forms

A single covalent bond

Nitrogen forms

triple bond

Water forms

two single covalent bonds

Hydrogen chloride forms

Complete outer shells