Soc 305 Exam 1 study guide

Which type of research seeks to identify cases and effects of social phenomena, to predict how dependent variable will change or vary in response to variation in the independent variable?

a. Descriptive

b. Explanatory

c. Evaluation

d. Case Study

b. Explanatory

On a survey, individuals are asked how fearful of crime they are in their neighborhood. The answer choices are 1 = very fearful; 2 = somewhat fearful; 3 = not very fearful; 4 = not fearful at all. This is an example of which type of variable.

a. Nominal

b. Ordinal

c. Interval

d. Ration

b. Ordinal

A researcher is analyzing one's fear of crime and how gender, race, class, and age all have an effect. Which would be the dependent variable?

a. Gender

b. Class

c. Age

d. Fear of Crime

d. Fear of Crime

Which of the following would NOT be an example of evaluation research?

a. Analyzing the effect the D.A.R.E. program has on students using drugs

b. Analyzing a reading intervention program to understand if students' literacy levels increased

c. Analyzing the concentration of gun crimes in hot spots

d. Analyzing the effect of job training and education programs on the likelihood of recidivism by ex-felons

c. Analyzing the concentration of gun crimes in hot spots

A _________________ is a smaller group of data that is selected from a population.

a. micro-group

b. sample

c. sub-sample

d. sampling error

b. sample

What is considered to be the fundamental aspect of probability sampling?

a. Populations

b. Samples

c. Unbiased selection

d. Random selection

d. Random selection

Which type of statistic involves collecting, organizing, and summarizing data?

a. Inferential

b. Experimental

c. Descriptive

d. Sample

c. Descriptive

Random surveys are the best way to gather information about the magnitude of violent victimization according to many social scientists?

a. True

b. False

a. True

. When a research seeks to identify the cause and effect of a social phenomenon, they are participating in evaluation research.

a. True

b. False

a. True

Those who are included in the sample are also included in the population.

a. True

b. False

Age in years would be an example of what type of variable?

a. Categorical

b. Qualitative

a. Quantitative

a. Quantitative

Which of the following is an example of a categorical variable?

a. Age in years

b. Number of crimes committed in the past year

c. Number of children living in the home

d. Country of origin

d. Country of origin

The state in which you were born would be an example of which type of variable.

a. Nominal

b. Ordinal

c. Interval

d. Ration

a. Nominal

_______________________ are special kinds of ratios obtained by dividing the number of observations from a subset of your sample by the total number in your sample.

a. Odds

b. Distribution

c. Percentages

d. Proportions

d. Proportions

In a sample there are 90 females and 80 males. What is the percentage of females in the sample?

a. 47.1

b. .47

c. 52.94

d. .53

c. 52.94

Country of origin would be considered an ordinal level variable.

a. True

b. False

a. True

. A nominal level variable can also be a dichotomous variable.

a. True

b. False

a. True

Interval and ratio level variables are considered continuous measures.

a. True

b. False

a. True

All four levels of measurement allow the researcher to rank cases in order.

a. True

b. False

b. False

Proportions are also referred to as relative frequencies.

a. True

b. False

a. True

Which of the following would best depict nominal level data?

a. Pie chart

b. Line graph

c. Histogram

d. Polygon

a. Pie chart

______________________ groups the values of an interval or ratio level variable into a smaller number of intervals and illustrates the frequencies and percentages for the groups.

a. Frequency distribution

b. Grouped frequency distribution

c. Cumulative distribution

d. Cumulative frequency distribution

b. Grouped frequency distribution

A researcher would use a pie chart to illustrate data for a variable measured at the interval level.

a. True

b. False

a. True

. Bar charts are best used for nominal and ordinal level data.

a. True

b. False

a. True

A research would use a histogram to illustrate data for the variable "number of violent crimes committed."

a. True

b. False

a. True

A research would use a histogram to illustrate data for the variable "number of violent crimes committed."

a. True

b. False

a. True

A grouped frequency distribution groups the values of an interval or ratio level measurement into smaller numbers of intervals.

a. True

b. False

a. True

. A variable that is measured at the ordinal level can be grouped into a small number of intervals in a grouped frequency distribution.

a. True

b. False

b. False

The mode is defined as:

a. the mathematical average.

b. the middle score of a distribution that splits it into two equal halves.

c. the most frequently occurring score in a distribution.

d. the average of all the midpoints in a distribution.

c. the most frequently occurring score in a distribution

For the following data, which is the mode?

1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6

a. 1

b. 3

c. 4

d. 5

a. 3

For the following data, which is the mode?

Score Frequency

1 10

2 15

3 12

4 12

5 15

6 17

a. 2

b. 3

c. 5

d. 6

d. 6

Which measure of central tendency is best used for categorical variables?

a. Mode

b. Median

c. Mean

d. Bimodal distribution

Mode

The median is:

a. the most frequently occurring score in a distribution.

b. the average of all scores in a distribution.

c. the score that is in the exact middle of the distribution

d. the mathematical average .

c. the score that is in the exact middle of the distribution

For the following set of numbers, what is the median?

2, 3, 5, 4, 7, 3, 3, 6, 4, 8, 2, 3, 5, 4

a. 3

b. 3.5

c. 4

d. 4.5

c. 4

The mean can be defined as:

a. the mathematical average of the distribution.

b. the score that falls in the middle of the distribution.

c. the most frequently occurring score.

d. the average of all the midpoints in a distribution

a. the mathematical average of the distribution

What is the mean for the following distribution?

32, 34, 45, 53, 62, 44, 36, 61, 55, 47, 39, 50

a. 46

b. 46.5

c. 50

d. 52.5

b. 46.5

The mode may give a misleading notion of the central tendency of the data.

a. True

b. False

a. True

Unlike the mean, the median is not influenced by extreme scores, either low or high.

a. True

b. False

a. True

The mean is calculated by summing up all of the scores for a particular variable and then dividing by the number of cases.

a. True

b. False

a. True

The mean can be calculated for all levels of measurement.

a. True

b. False

a. True

One advantage of the mean is that it is not influenced easily by outliers in the data.

a. True

b. False

b. false

For the following data, find the (1)mode, (2)median, and (3)mean

23, 32, 45, 45, 32, 46, 61, 37, 29, 32, 50, 47

1. 32 (32 appears 3 times)

2. 41 = (37+45)÷2

3. 39.91=(sum÷12)

___

Finding X or n and ∑X using the mean formula

___

n = 8, X = 2.75, find ∑X: ?

I forget how to do this