Human Digestive System and Plant Transport Systems

Flashcards covering the parts and functions of the human digestive system and the plant vascular system (xylem and phloem).

Saliva

A digestive juice produced by glands in the mouth that moistens and softens food so it can be swallowed easily.

Tongue

The muscle that mixes food particles with saliva in the mouth.

Pharynx

Also known as the throat, it is the passage through which food moves into the esophagus.

Esophagus

A tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach.

Peristalsis

A process in which the walls of the esophagus move in waves to push food down, also occurring in the stomach and intestines.

Stomach

The organ where food is blended with digestive juices, hydrochloric acid kills bacteria, and enzymes break down proteins.

Bile

A green liquid stored in the liver that is secreted to break down fats.

Pancreas

The organ where many kinds of digestive enzymes are produced.

Small Intestine

Where food is mixed with bile and pancreatic juices before being sent back to the liver for more processing.

Large Intestine

The organ where indigestible food and water are processed, stored, and dispersed.

Anus

The opening through which solid waste passes from the rectum to leave the body.

Xylem

Plant vascular tissue that transports water and minerals in a one-way (upward) flow through hollow dead cells.

Phloem

Plant vascular tissue made of living cells that transports food in the form of sugars, sucrose, and amino acids in a two-way flow.

Lignin

A substance found in the xylem that provides support to the plant.

Photosynthesis

The process in plants that produces food, serving as the source of nutrients for the plant transport system.