Intro to Anatomy

Definition

________: Movement of a (such as water) through a semipermeable solvent membrane (like a living cell) into a solution of solute concentration that tends to the concentration of solute on the two sides of the membrane.equalize higher VOCABULARY= a homogeneous mixture of particles solution= the primary component of a solution that is the dissolving medium solvent= all the other components of a solution that dissolve in the solvent witterte is the bodyˇs primary (and most important) solvent Sugars, salts, proteins, ions and others are all solutes that dissolve in water BACK TO OSMOSIS.

molecules of lipids

Which provides flexibility to the membranecholesterol which are ________ with sugars attached used for cell signaling 3.

HOMEOSTASIS Homeostasis

________ is an important and fundamental concept in physiology Definition: The ability of the body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions through slight modifications.

Information

________ about the deviation is sent to a brain via an input pathway.

ACIDS

Proteins are responsible for doing virtually of the intracellular and extracelluar work in our bodies.everything NUCLEIC ________ (Figs.

movement of particles

They allow ________ through the membranetransport proteins.

high concentration

Molecules and a solution with ________ has water So, water moves from where it is abundant to where it is abundant.

Energy

________ harvested from ATP breakdown fuels almost all the work done in the body.

DNA RNALong chains of nucleotides

Nucleotide ________ give us the genetic molecules and (ATP) is a single modified RNA nucleotideadenosine triphosphate ATP is the most important energy carrying molecule in the body.

E P

Ion= An atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons and thus carries an electrical charge anion= An ion that gains electrons [________] and thus carries an overall negative charge cation= An atom that loses electrons [________] and thus carries an overall positive charge Ions with opposite charges are attracted to each other and form bonds, ionic just like magnets do (opposites attract, like repels) COVALENT BONDS (Fig.

HOMEOSTASIS Homeostasis is an important and fundamental concept in physiology Definition

The ability of the body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions through slight modifications

1.3) Start

A changes a condition away from normal levels (either above or belowstimulus normal)

End

The causes a that returns the condition back toeffector responsenormal levels Chapter 2

2.2) Definition

The basic (and thus smallest) unit of any element

Atoms of different elements are different from each other (unique) An individual atom is made up of 3 components

Two of them are found inside an internal nucleus

Definition

Movement of a (such as water) through a semipermeable solvent membrane (like a living cell) into a solution of solute concentration that tends to the concentration of solute on the two sides of the membrane.equalize higher VOCABULARY = a homogeneous mixture of particles solution = the primary component of a solution that is the dissolving medium solvent = all the other components of a solution that dissolve in the solvent witterte is the bodyˇs primary (and most important) solvent Sugars, salts, proteins, ions and others are all solutes that dissolve in water BACK TO OSMOSIS

homeostasis

the ability of the body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions through slight modifications

homeostasis examples

body temperature, pH, blood pressure

pathophysiology

study that deals with problems encountered when the body is not in homeostasis

Negative Feedback Loops

how the body maintains homeostasis

Stimulus

changes a condition away from normal levels (above or below normal)

Receptor

detects the deviation away from normal

input pathway

how information about the deviation is sent to the brain

protons

component of atom that has a positive charge

atoms

the basic unit of any element

neutrons

carry no charge and are the second component of the atom

electrons

have a negative charge and are the third component of the atom

ion

a particle that is electrically charged; an atom or molecule or group that has lost or gained one or more electrons

cation

a positively charged ion

anion

a negatively charged ion

covalent bond

a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

organic molecule families

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

monosaccharide

a sugar that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates

disaccharide

any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield two monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis

polysaccharide

any of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules

amino acid

building blocks of proteins

glycolipids

molecules of lipids with sugars attached used for cell signaling

cholesterol

an animal sterol that is normally synthesized by the liver; the most abundant steroid in animal tissues

transport proteins

allow movement of particles through the membrane

receptor proteins

they bind to a chemical messenger like a hormone that arrives on the outside of the cell

enzymes

the proteins that catalyze chemical reactions inside the cell

cell identity proteins

used as flags to allow cells to identify one another and are a combination of protein and sugar

simple diffusion

involves diffusion directly across the phospholipid bilayer

facilitated diffusion

diffusion that happens through a channel or carrier

osmosis

diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal

solution

a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; frequently a liquid solution

solute

all the other components of a solution that dissolves in the solvent

solvent

primary component of a solution that is the dissolving medium

water

the primary solvent of the body