Nursing Theorists: Orem, Watson, Leininger, and Rogers

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering major nursing theorists: Dorothea Orem, Jean Watson, Madeleine Leininger, and Martha Rogers.

Dorothea Orem

American nursing theorist who developed the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory.

Self-Care

The practice of activities that mature or maturing persons initiate and perform on their own behalf to maintain life, healthful functioning, development, and well-being.

Dependent Care

Care provided to a person who is unable to perform self-care due to age or related factors.

Self-Care Requisites

Formulated insights about necessary actions to regulate human functioning and development, categorized into universal, developmental, and health deviation requisites.

Universal Self-Care Requisites

Eight basic needs common to all human beings: intake of air, water, and food; elimination; balance of activity and rest; balance of solitude and social interaction; hazard prevention; and promotion of normal functioning.

Therapeutic Self-Care Demand

The summation of care measures necessary at any given time to meet all of an individual's self-care requisites.

Self-Care Agency

The complex acquired ability of an individual to know and meet their own continuing requirements for deliberate action.

Self-Care Deficit

The relationship that exists when a person's self-care agency is inoperable or inadequate to meet their therapeutic self-care demand, serving as the primary focus for nursing.

Orem's Conceptual Framework

A theoretical framework illustrating how basic conditioning factors influence self-care agency and demands, leading to self-care deficit and the application of nursing agency.

Wholly Compensatory System

A nursing system used when the patient is completely unable to perform self-care, requiring the nurse to accomplish all care activities.

Partly Compensatory System

A nursing system used when both the nurse and the patient share responsibility and perform actions to meet self-care requisites.

Supportive-Educative System

A nursing system used when the patient is capable of performing self-care independently but requires guidance, support, or education from the nurse.

Basic Conditioning Factors

Internal or external variables such as age, gender, developmental state, health state, pattern of living, family system, and available resources that condition self-care agency and demands.

Jean Watson

American nursing theorist who developed the Theory of Transpersonal Caring, emphasizing human caring as the core of nursing.

Transpersonal Caring Relationship

A deep, authentic connection between nurse and patient that transcends the physical realm and touches the mind, body, and spirit.

Carative Factors

Ten original theoretical factors introduced by Jean Watson in 1979 to guide nursing actions, which later evolved into Clinical Caritas Processes.

Clinical Caritas Processes®

The evolved, heart-centered form of Watson's 10 Carative Factors that guide nurses in practicing loving-kindness, authentic presence, creative problem solving, and spiritual awareness.

Illness (Watson)

Subjective turmoil or disharmony within the inner self or soul, which is distinct from medical disease.

Health (Watson)

A state of unity and harmony within the mind, body, and soul, characterized by congruence between the perceived self and experienced self.

Madeleine Leininger

Pioneer of transcultural nursing and founder of the discipline who developed the Culture Care Theory of Diversity and Universality.

Culture Care

Synthesized, culturally constituted caring acts and practices directed toward self or others to maintain health, well-being, or face death.

Culture Care Diversity

The variabilities or differences in care beliefs, meanings, patterns, and lifeways within or between human cultures.

Culture Care Universality

The commonalities or similar care meanings, patterns, and features reflecting care as a universal feature of humanity.

Emic Perspective

The local, indigenous, or insider perspective regarding health beliefs, values, and practices.

Etic Perspective

The professional, outsider, or universal perspective on care and health.

Sunrise Enabler

A visual conceptual framework developed by Leininger depicting how cultural, social structure, and environmental factors influence health and nursing care.

Culture Care Preservation or Maintenance

Assistive nursing actions that support or facilitate clients in retaining beneficial and meaningful cultural healthcare practices.

Culture Care Accommodation or Negotiation

Assistive nursing actions that adapt or negotiate cultural practices with clients to achieve safe and beneficial health outcomes.

Culture Care Repatterning or Restructuring

Assistive nursing actions that help clients change, modify, or restructure cultural practices that are harmful or detrimental to health.

Ethnonursing

A qualitative research method developed by Leininger specifically to study and discover cultural care beliefs, values, and practices.

Martha Rogers

American nursing theorist who developed the Science of Unitary Human Beings.

Unitary Human Being

An irreducible, pandimensional energy field in constant, mutual interaction with the environmental field, incapable of being divided into parts.

Energy Field (Rogers)

The fundamental unit of the living and non-living that is dynamic, infinite, and continuously moving.

Openness (Rogers)

The postulate stating that human and environmental energy fields have no boundaries other than perceptual ones and continuously exchange energy.

Pattern (Rogers)

The distinguishing characteristic of an energy field perceived as a single wave that changes continuously while giving identity.

Pandimensionality

A non-linear domain without spatial or temporal attributes that transcends traditional space and time.

Resonancy

The homeodynamic principle describing continuous change from lower to higher frequency wave patterns in human and environmental fields.

Helicy

The homeodynamic principle describing continuous, innovative, unpredictable, and increasing diversity of human and environmental field patterns.

Integrality

The homeodynamic principle describing the continuous mutual process between the human field and the environmental field.

Voluntary Mutual Patterning

A Rogerian practice process of transforming human-environmental field patterning, facilitating a client's ability to participate knowingly in change without predetermined outcomes.