AP Chemistry Memorization Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards for AP Chemistry covering common cations, anions, solubility rules, strong acids and bases, diatomic elements, and metric prefixes.

Ammonium

$$NH_4^+$$

Hydronium

$$H_2O^+$$

Copper(I) (green)

$$Cu^+$$

Silver

$$Ag^+$$

Cadmium(II)

$$Cd^{2+}$$

Mercury(I)

$$Hg^{2+}$$

Mercury(II)

$$Hg^{2+}$$

Manganese(II)

$$Mn^{2+}$$

Nickel(II) (green)

$$Ni^{2+}$$

Tin(II)

$$Sn^{2+}$$

Vanadium(II)

$$V^{2+}$$

Zinc

$$Zn^{2+}$$

Cobalt(III) (blue)

$$Co^{3+}$$

Chromium(III)

$$Cr^{3+}$$

Iron(III)

$$Fe^{3+}$$

Cobalt(II) (blue)

$$Co^{3+}$$

Lead(III)

$$Pb^{3+}$$

Tin(IV)

$$Sn^{4+}$$

Lead(IV)

$$Pb^{4+}$$

Vanadium(IV)

$$V^{4+}$$

Manganese(VII)

$$Mn^{7+}$$

Acetate

$CH_3COO^-$ or $C_2H_3O_2^-$

Cyanide

$$CN^-$$

Permanganate (purple)

$$MnO_4^-$$

Thiocyanate

$$SCN^-$$

Carbonate

$$CO_3^{2-}$$

Chromate (yellow)

$$CrO_4^{2-}$$

Dichromate (orange)

$$Cr_2O_7^{2-}$$

Oxalate

$$C_2O_4^{2-}$$

Peroxide

$$O_2^{2-}$$

Phosphate

$$PO_4^{3-}$$

Phosphite

$$PO_3^{3-}$$

Arsenate

$$AsO_4^{3-}$$

Halide Solubility Exceptions

$Ag^+$, $Hg_2^{2+}$, and $Pb^{2+}$ (APH)

Sulfate Solubility Exceptions

$Pb^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Sr^{2+}$, $Ba^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ (CBS/PM)

Insoluble Fluorine Ion Exceptions

$Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Sr^{2+}$, $Ba^{2+}$, $Fe^{3+}$, $Pb^{2+}$ (CBS/PM)

Insoluble Compounds with CBS Exceptions

Sulfides ($S^{2-}$) and Hydroxides ($OH^-$) are insoluble except with alkali metals, $NH_4^+$, or $Ca^{2+}$, $Sr^{2+}$, and $Ba^{2+}$ (CBS).

Micro- (Metric Prefix)

$\mu$ ($10^{-6}$)

Nano- (Metric Prefix)

$n$ ($10^{-9}$)

Diatomic Elements

$$H_2, N_2, O_2, F_2, Cl_2, Br_2, I_2$$

The 7 Strong Acids

$$HCl, HBr, HI, HClO_4, HNO_3, HIO_4, H_2SO_4$$

The 8 Strong Bases

$$LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)_2, Sr(OH)_2, Ba(OH)_2$$

Periodic Acid

$$HIO_4$$

Strong Bases with Limited Solubility

$$Ca(OH)_2, Sr(OH)_2, Ba(OH)_2$$