CRSC: FRUITS & SEEDS TERM

fruit

In a botanical sense, a ___ is a flowering plant's fleshy or dry ripened

ovary, enclosing the seed or seeds.

fruit

term is restricted to the ripened ovaries that are sweet and

either succulent or pulpy, such as figs, mangoes, and strawberries.

High productivity
High net profit
Source of raw materials for agro based industries
Efficient utilization of resources
Utilization of waste and barren lands for production
Foreign exchange
Nutritional importance

Importance of Growing Fruit Crops

fiber, vitamins, antioxidants

Fruits are an important source of dietary ___________

Simple Fruits, Aggregate Fruits, Multiple Fruits

Classification of Fruits

ovaries, formation

On basis of the number of _____ and the number of flowers involved in their _____.

simple

Aggregate

Multiple

Simple Fruits

•These fruits develop from a single ovary of one or more carpels.

•These fruits are divided into dry and fleshy fruits depending on the pericarp.

Dry Fruits

In these fruits, the pericarp is not succulent and the pericarp becomes dry one the fruits mature.

Dehiscent and Indehiscent

Dry fruits are of two types:

Dehiscent fruits

These fruits dehisce or split open when they mature.

Follicle

is a dry dehiscent fruit that arises from a single carpal and on maturity splits only along one suture. E.g. Larkspur

Legume

is a dry dehiscent fruit that arises from a single carpal and on maturity splits along its dorsal and ventral sutures. E.g. Pea

Capsule

made up of multiple carpals and splits in four ways. E.g Eucalyptus

Silique

is made up of two carpals that split on maturity. E. g Mustard plant

Indehiscent fruits

These fruits do not split open on maturity.

Akene

where the only seed is attached to the fruit at one point only. E.g. sunflower

Caryopsis

where the only seed is attached to the fruit at all possible points. E.g. Maize

Samara

is a one or two seeded which has seeds with wing-like structures. E.g.Maple

Schizocarp

is made up of multiple carpals which separate on maturity to form multiple indehiscent fruits. E.g. Dill

Nut

has thick pericarps and is a one-seeded fruit formed from a compound

ovary. It is hard in texture. E.g Chestnuts

Fleshy Fruits

In these fruits, the fruit wall or pericarp is thick and fleshy.

Berry

is made up of one or more carpals and contains one or more seeds. The

pericarp is soft, fleshy and juicy. E.g Banana, grapes

Drupe

is derived from a single carpel and

containing one seed. Exocarp is present as a

thin skin, the mesocarp is fleshy and the

endocarp becomes stony hard. E.g Mango

Pome

(accessory fruit) is an accessory

fleshy fruit formed by a group of carpels

that are firmly united with each other and

surrounded by and united to the receptacle.

E.g Apple

Aggregate Fruits

These fruits develop from multiple ovaries but of the same flower. It consists of a collection of simple fruits called as fruitlets. E.g Blackberries, strawberries.

Multiple Fruits

They are formed by all the flowers of an inflorescence which together result in a single big fruit. Eg. Pineapple

pericarp and seed

The fruit primarily contains two parts:

Exocarp

This is the outermost layer of the pericarp that forms the skin.

Mesocarp

Its the thick, fleshy, and juicy middle layer of the pericarp

Endocarp

It is the innermost layer of the fruit which often develops into the pith

Pericarp

is the wall of the ovary that develops as the wall of the fruits.

Epicarp, Mesocarp, Endocarp

The pericarp is further differentiated into three layers,

Epicarp

Outermost layer, forms the peel.

Mesocarp

Middle layer, fleshy, edible portion of the fruits

Endocarp

Innermost layer, the inner rough portion where the seed is accommodated

Seed

are ripened fertilized ovules. It is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering.

Protection, Dispersal, Animal Food, Provide Nutrition to Germinating Seeds, Important for Humans

Significance of Fruit Formation