TAMU BIOL 111: Hawkins- FINAL EXAM REVIEW

The smallest biological units that can evolve are

populations

Which of the following is NOT a compound?

O2

A scientific "theory":

Is a carefully-formulated proposition, based on observations, and supported by an accumulation of experimental data.

Natural selection is

Differential reproductive success of different phenotypes

Hypothesis based science requires

Control groups

How many neutrons does a carbon-13 atom have?

7

You take a solution of pH 5 and adjust its pH to 7. This means that you

Reduced the number of free hydrogen ions

Which of the following is NOT a molecule?

O

Which of the following statements about natural selection is INCORRECT?

It causes adaptive change in populations by directly acting upon maladaptive genotypes of individuals

Fill in the blanks from the answer choices below. When two atoms are equally [x], they can form a/an [y]

x: electronegative

y: nonpolar covalent bond

Which of the following ions is found at a high concentration outside of the cell?

Sodium

The molecular weight of NaCl is about 60 mg/millimole. How much NaCl is needed to make 500 mL of a 0.5 M solution?

15

What bond gives water its unique characteristics?

Hydrogen Bonds

When the pH of a solution is 2, the concentration of H+ is _______ mM.

10

A molecule of water has both partial negative and partial positive charges because

Oxygen is much more electronegative than hydrogen.

Which type of bond is broken when water vaporizes?

hydrogen bonds

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

The sugar in DNA lacks a hydroxyl group on the second carbon of the ring, whereas the sugar in RNA has it.

The cytosol of a cell has a pH of about 7, whereas the pH of the lysosome is about 5. Therefore, the concentration of H+ in the cytosol is ________ than in the lysosome.

100 Times less

How many molecules of glucose are in 1 L of a 100 mM glucose solution?

6 x 10^22

All of the following are TRUE regarding carbohydrate features EXCEPT:

Between the linear and ring structures, chemical equilibrium greatly favors the linear arrangement.

Hydrolysis is involved in each of the following EXCEPT

Conversion of glucose to starch

Which of the following shows carbohydrates arranged according to increasing number of sugar units?

Fructose, Sucrose, Chitin

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Hydrogen bonds are generally weak, yet they stabilize protein secondary structures because they are found throughout the polypeptide backbone.

The nerve cell that extends from the big toe to the base of the spine can be one meter long. A typical bacterial cell is one micrometer long. Therefore, the nerve cell is _____ longer than the bacterial cell.

One million fold

The flexibility and fluidity of membranes that contain a large amount of unsaturated fatty acid acyl chains are due to

The kinks caused by the double bonds prevent close packing.

Gene is to genomics, as protein is to

Proteomics

Which of the following class of biomolecules is NOT considered as a true polymer?

Lipids

A patient experienced great blood loss. In an attempt to quickly replenish body fluids, a volume of distilled water equal to the blood lost was introduced directly into a blood vein. What is the most likely result of this treatment?

The red blood cells are in danger of bursting because they were subjected to a hypotonic environment.

As you were taking lettuce in the grocery store, you were surprised when water sprinklers suddenly went on, spraying fresh water on the produce. When you got back home, you immersed the lettuce in a salt solution, and within several minutes they became limp and soft. What are the explanations for the spraying procedure in the store, and your observation at home?

Lettuce cells are hypertonic to fresh water making them turgid and fresh-looking, but hypotonic to the salt solution, hence plasmolyzed.

What limits the maximum size a cell can have?

The requirement for a high surface area to allow efficient exchange of materials with its environment

Which of the following statements is TRUE about passive diffusion?

When dynamic equilibrium is reached, solute molecules continue to cross the membrane.

On the basis of energy requirement, which does NOT belong to the group?

Active Transport

What improves the productivity of cellular respiration?

highly folded surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane

Which of the following does NOT describe a biological membrane?

Its protein and lipid components are symmetrically distributed.

Which of the following is NOT an example of facilitated diffusion?

Movement via an electrogenic pump

Which of the following is true regarding plasma membranes, energy, and respiration?

Functional groups cause particular properties and reactions to occur when added to basic chains of carbon molecules.

Water quickly passes through membranes via channel proteins called _______. Between H3O+ and glycerol (three-carbon alcohol), ________ will be allowed transport through such channels because ______________.

aquaporins; glycerol; glycerol is uncharged

Which of the following distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell?

the presence or absence of internal membranes partitioning the cell

What is the source of energy during the energy investment phase of glycolysis?

ATP

What is/are the final product(s) of glycolysis?

ATP, NADH, pyruvate, and H+

What mainly determines whether a molecule will be transported via endocytosis/exocytosis or via passive transport?

the size of the molecule to be transported

Which of the following DOES NOT support the fluid mosaic model?

Membrane proteins from cells of two different organisms will never be found mixed together in a hybrid cell.

During cellular respiration, what happens to the 6 carbons in glucose?

All 6 carbons are completely oxidized to CO2.

In a eukaryotic cell, electron transport takes place within:

the inner mitochondrial membrane.