Health Psych Ch1

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 25

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

26 Terms

1

Health has been defined inadequately as an absence of sickness or illness. How is this correct and incorrect?

We can be less than healthy even when we have no signs/symptoms of illness...

AND

we can be relatively healthy even when quite sick .

New cards
2

definition of health that is more accurate

A comprehensive and dynamic status, comprising physical, mental, social, and spiritual well - being

New cards
3

major historical developments in western conceptions of health: humoral theory (Hippocrates)

Cause of illness is knowable

Wellness = balance among humors (four bodily fluid: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm) through diet and lifestyle

‘Better to know the patient... than the disease’ → attention to individual differences in illness

Guidance on ethics (‘Hippocratic Oath’); do no harm, confidentiality, boundaries of competence

New cards
4

major historical developments in western conceptions of health: Galen

• Early contributions to understanding anatomy

• Revived Hippocrates’ focus on humors

– Humors’ qualities associated w/ illness states

New cards
5

major historical developments in western conceptions of health: Renaissance

Spiritual conceptions of illness dominated the Middle

Ages (~476 - 1450, CE); e.g., plaque as punishment

Renaissance (early 16th Century): relaxing prohibitions against dissection.

• Vesalius (1514 - 1564): Flemish Anatomist & Artist

– De Humani Corporis Fabrica : authoritative volumes of human anatomy » dispelled many misconceptions

New cards
6

Cartesian (mind-body) dualism

Mental and physical human nature are separate... (Kagan, 2007)

Body subject to physical/mechanical forces; mind is not

New cards
7

cartesian dualism benefits and drawbacks

» Inspired further examination of human physiology

Medicine informed by science and rationality

» But this cemented a split b/t mental and physical conceptions of health

New cards
8

how historical technology contributed to advancements in health

– Advances in microscopic observation

– Rise of Cellular and Germ Theory : Disease → cellular death or ‘pathogens’ invade.

  • 1800s: exploding discovery of microorganisms.

– Biomedical model : Illness has a biological cause.

  • Disease results from a pathogen (virus, etc.): Illness reduced to simple cause.

  • Mind/body dualism

  • Health = “absence of disease”

New cards
9

historical shit that highlighted the limitations of the biomedical model

Alexander (1940s): Repressed energy directed inward;

» Specific illnesses result from specific ‘conflicts’ (e.g., dependency → ulcers).

– “corrective emotional experience”

New cards
10

The case of ‘Anna O’ (Freud and Breuer)

• Caring for dying father, Anna developed neurological problems (e.g., cough, mutism)

• Autohypnotic states : Self-induced trances → would then feel better

e.g., With expressed emotion; symptoms lessened.

• A. couldn’t ‘will problems away’ (real).

  • If there is no physiological basis, must have psychological basis

  • Note the implications for dualism...

New cards
11

describe the shift in the leading cases of death in the US how this might have contributed to the maturation of health psychology as a discipline

– Vaccinations, antimicrobials, antibiotics, indoor plumbing shaped mortality...

– Health and death linked to lifestyle, behavior, and social determinants more than ever.

– Health was redefined as multifactorial → reductionistic biomedical model has limitations...

New cards
12

describe what it means to view health as a biopsychosocial phenomenon.

Health and illness/wellness encompass the:

• Biological : pathophysiology , genetics, immune function, etc.

• Psychological : attitudes, beliefs, emotions, personality, learning, etc.

• Social : Life circumstances, cultural beliefs & circumstances, socioeconomic status, etc.

New cards
13

health psychology

The application of psychological principles and research to the enhancement of health and the prevention and treatment of illness.

New cards
14

health disparities

Preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations.

New cards
15

germ theory

the idea that bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms that invade body cells cause them to malfunction.

New cards
16

biomedical model

The dominant view of twentieth-century medicine that maintains that illness always has a physical cause

New cards
17

biopsychosocial model

The dominant view of twentieth-century medicine that maintains that illness always has a physical cause

New cards
18

pathogen

A virus, bacterium, or some other microorganism that causes a particular disease.

New cards
19

chronic illness

An illness that lasts a long time and is usually irreversible.

New cards
20

psychosomatic medicine

A branch of psychiatry that developed in the 1900s and focused on the diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases believed to be caused by emotional conflicts.

New cards
21

alexythymia

no words for emotions

New cards
22

biopsychosocial perspective

The viewpoint that health and other behaviors are determined by the interaction of biological mechanisms, psychological processes, and social influences.

New cards
23

etiology

The scientific study of the causes or origins of specific diseases.

New cards
24

epigenetic effects

The effects of environmental forces on how genes are expressed.

New cards
25

health literacy

The capacity to obtain and understand health information and services, and to use them to make appropriate decisions about one’s health.

New cards
26

birth cohort

A group of people who, because they were born at about the same time, experience similar historical and social conditions.

New cards
robot