NURS 280

sexual self

sexual self

A state of physical, emotional, mental and social well being in relation to sexuality. Sexual health requires a positive and respectful approach. It is pleasurable, and safe, free from harm or coercion. For sexual health to be attained rights of all people should be respected and protected.

Dr. Dailey’s Circles of Sexuality

1. sexualization

2. reproduction

3. identity

4. intimacy

5. sensuality

sexualization

• use of the body to influences control or manipulate others

• sex used a weapon

• includes sexual teasing, flirting, sexual harassment

reproduction

• includes procreating, contraception, abortion, STI’s, infertility

identity

• one sense of self as a sexual being

  • includes gender identity, sexual orientation, gender/society roles

intimacy

• need and ability to experience emotional closeness to another person as well as reciprocating it

• feeling of being seen and know

Sensuality

• need and ability to acceptors ones body as a sexual entity

  • includes body image, attraction, and skin to skin contact (hunger)

3 factors that lead to discomfort about sex

1. ignorance

2. secrecy

3. trauma

Ignorance

• very pervasive and where strive to know less

• people refuse to answer questions

• leads to unsafe experimentation

Secrecy

• it should be kept a secret

• it is enforced to be not shared

• pleasures and desires must be kept secret

• thru observations we learn to keep it a secret

Trauma

• People have some things that relate to sex as traumatic

  • no way to process that trauma openly

Who applied scientific lens to studying sex

Alfred Kinsey

Alfreds work

Did interview to get data and created the Kinsey scale and Kinsey report

Kinsey scale

• A scale from 0-6 and X is people with no sexual attraction

• 0 is straight person

• 3 is someone who is equally hetero or homosexual

• 6 is someone who only attracted to same sex or has had only sex with same sex

What kind of sex ed do we see in Canada

• post secondary sex ed is federal

• K-12 is provincial

• teachers are not taught how to teach sex ed

• BC is most comprehensive and is mandated

Gatekeepers of sex ed in Canada

• school boards

  • vancouver has a policy for it

• principals

  • have main voice and may say its not needed

• community/parents

  • maybe due to faith or shame might prevent it

• teachers

  • afraid to get fired, dont have proper education, embarrassment

Elementary school children sex ed in Canada

• name of body parts

• consent

• their body is their own

• puberty

• human reproduction

Highschool school children sex ed in Canada

• healthy sexual decision making

• STI

• health emotional, physical, and social relationships

• sources of information

What kind of sex ed do we see in Netherlands

• has most comprehensive sex ed and people talk about sex normally

• emphasis on readiness than opportunity

What kind of sex ed do we see in USA

• based on opportunity rather than readiness

• heavy emphasis on abstinence

• if you want to teach sex ed in US school and want money for it you must teach abstinence and sex when married perspective

Impact of abstinence only until marriage (AOUM)

• research shows its not effective

• provides inaccurate and stigmatizing info

What are the values and beliefs

1. family

2. Formal and informal education

3. peers

4. media influences

5. faith

6. experiences

Family

• Parents pass on information to children

  • up to children to learn or discard info learned from parents

Formal and informal education

• formal sex ed from school or classes

• informal from media sources or ppl that speak with authority

Peers

from best friends and ppl that surround you

Faith

not all faiths are antisex some have different rules to sexuality

Experiences

• Experiences change our beliefs and values

Media influences

• The things we see on our feed or subscribe or pushed to you

What influence do these beliefs and values have on people’s sexual behaviours?

• influences in beliefs can alter a persons behaviour as comprehensive sex ed allows young people to explore their attitude and values to make informed choices about sex

Structures everyone shares

• first 8 weeks of human development growth is identical

• urethra

• basic human features aside from gonads

Path of sperm

• sperm is created in the testes

• when stimulated the cowper gland first sends a bead of pre cum to make it safe for sperm to come out of

• There is a sphincter in the urethra that closes off so that urine and semen dont mix

• Once ejaculation occurs the sperms moves up from the testes

• travels through the epididymis then vas deferens

• then the sperm meet up with various organs such as prostate that provides sperm with a nourishing liquid

• then after sperm is evacuated out of urethra

path of egg

• egg cell is ovary

• when it has matured it is released from ovary during ovulation

• egg travels thru the fallopian tubes

• if egg is fertilized then it will continue its journey and implant in lining of uterus

• if not it will continue to travel thru the tubes and be exited out the uterus during menstruation

What happens during arousal

divided into four phases

1. excitement

2. plateau

3. orgasm

4. resolution

Excitement

• bodies natural physiological response cant control

• arousal occurs heart rate goes up, respiration and bp up

• testes draw upwards and vagina lubes up

• erections

Plateau

• requires sexual action or masturbation

• pleasure

• increased muscle tension and rapid breathing

• pre cum released and clit is very sensitive and vagina lengths

Orgasm

• peak of pleasure cant be stopped

• quick muscle contractions and spasm

• bp, heart rate and respiration peak

• euphoric senstations

• ejaculation

• feeling of release

Resolution

• body slows and relaxes

• blood is released from engorged areas

• penis becomes placid and in refractory period

• clit is very sensitive

Helen Kaplan sexual response cycle

two phases

1. psychological phase

   1. sexual desire and emotions

2. physiological phase

   1. excitement

   2. orgasm

   3. resolution

Dual control model

brain looks for things that are sexually relevant like there will be things that will trigger gas pedal (Sexual excitation system) and brake pedal (sexual inhibition system)

Path of pregnancy before labour

• ovum has thick coating and multiple sperms are needed to make the coat thinner

• conceptions occurs in fallopian tube and the egg keeps going into the uterus where it implants

• the fertilized egg develops in uterus for about 40 weeks gestation

• first trimester there is rapid development and major organs form

• second trimester fetus reaches viability

• third trimester rapid growth and fetus turns head down

Path of pregnancy during labour

• stage 1 labour

  • 12-24hrs and cervix dilates and effaces

  • contractions become more frequent and stronger

  • ends with baby head going to vagina

• stage 2 labour

  • from minutes to hours

  • contractions move baby down from vagina

  • crowing

  • ends when baby comes out of vagina

• Stage 3

  • placenta births

• Birthing parent and baby evaluated (Apgar scores at 1 min and 5 min)

Different methods of contraception

1. hormonal

   1. stops ovulation

2. barrier

   1. keeping sperm away from egg

3. natural

   1. using rules to reduces odds of sperm and egg meeting

4. emergency

   1. bc that interrupt conception when it is likely to happen

Common Hormonal BC

1. pill

2. ring

3. patch

4. depo

5. implant

Barrier BC

1. external comdoms

2. internal commons

3. IUD

Emergency BC

1. plan B

2. Ella

3. copper IUD

Natural BC

1. abstinence

2. withdrawl

3. symptoms-thermal

   1. take temp everyday and higher temp than normal indicates ovulation

4. Locational amenorrhea

   1. nursing used as BC

Options for unplanned pregnancy

1. adoption

   1. smaller percentage

2. abortion

   1. around half

   2. can be in form of medication <8 weeks

   3. surgical 5+ weeks pregnant

3. continue with pregnancy and parent the child

   1. around half

Bacterial STI

1. Chlamydia

   1. can go unnoticed

2. gonorrhea

   1. can go unnoticed

   2. can causing fallopian scarring same as chlamydia thus infertility

3. syphilis

   1. 3 stages

      1. 1. is not non painful sore

      2. 2. is red bumps on hand or foot

      3. 3 is serious and can cause injures soft tissues

4. pubic lice

   1. parasite and causes itching

Viral STI

1. Herpes

   1. benign skin condition

2. Hepatitis B

   1. infects liver

3. HIV

   1. passed via blood or body fluids

4. HPV

   1. Presents as genital warts and 2 strains can cause cervical cancer

How to avoid STI’s

• protection and testing

Process of STI testing

1. visual check

2. fluid swab or urine sample

3. blood test

Treatment for STI

Get treatment from

1. options clinic

2. STI clinic

3. youth clinic

4. family practice

5. online

STI cures

1. chlamydia and gonorrhoea

   1. antibiotics

2. Sphyilis

   1. penicillin

3. Pubic lice

   1. lice shampoos

4. Herpes

   1. no cure, a cream that reduces viral load

5. Hepatitis B

   1. vaccine before being infected with it

6. HIV

   1. no cure, but ART suppresses the virus to low levels have to take it forever

   2. Prep for people who get exposed to it and prevents ppl from getting HIV

7. HPV

   1. Vaccine