Untitled Flashcards Set

What does Ottomanism aim to achieve within the empire?

It aims to form a national identity for the multitude of ethnic groups within the empire.

What were the Tanzimat Reforms?

They granted more civil liberties and equalities to non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire.

Who was Sultan Selim III and what did he realize about the empire's losses?

Sultan Selim III (1762-1808) realized that the empire’s losses to Europe were due to a lack of innovation and reform.

What was the purpose of acquiring territories in Africa and Oceania?

To obtain raw materials.

What did imperialism entail?

The use of power (political, military, or economic) to exert control over another country or territory.

What is a Khedivate and who established it?

A Khedivate is an independent state of the Ottoman Empire established by Ali in 1863.

How did plantation owners in the Americas benefit during the Industrial Revolution?

They became wealthy by selling raw materials to the US and Europe for manufacturing, leading to single export economies.

What is economic imperialism?

It involves businesses bribing individuals or groups in exchange for economic privileges.

What revolutionary military technologies were developed in the era of imperialism?

Bolt-action rifles and machine guns, along with steamships for better transport.

What was the Berlin Conference of 1884?

A meeting where Otto von Bismarck organized European powers to divide Africa among themselves for raw materials.

What led to the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857?

Sepoy soldiers rebelled against the British East India Company due to rumors that bullets were coated with animal fat.

What was the British Raj?

The period during which the British government ruled India directly until 1947.

What was the impact of British imperialism in India?

Positive impacts included building infrastructure like railroads and schools; negative impacts included denying Indians the right to self-governance.

What sparked the First Opium War (1839-1842)?

The British military action against the Qing Navy in response to the opium trade.

What were the consequences of the First Opium War for China?

China was forced to sign unequal trade treaties and cede trade port cities to the British.

Who were the Boxers and what was their rebellion?

A group of martial artists who rose in rebellion against foreign influence in China; ultimately put down in 1901.

What was the Iwakura Mission?

A Japanese initiative to learn from the West by sending officials and students to study Western science, manufacturing, and military.

What was the First Sino-Japanese War?

A conflict where Japan defeated the Qing Dynasty and gained control of Korea and Taiwan.

What led to the Russo-Japanese War?

Russia's refusal to respect Japan’s territorial claims following Japan’s victory in the First Sino-Japanese War.

Why did the United States pursue imperialism?

Economic competition, political and military competition, and a belief in racial and cultural superiority.

What did Admiral Alfred T. Mahan advocate for regarding the US Navy?

He advocated for a strong navy to protect shipping routes and for the establishment of military bases.

What role did Social Darwinism play in American imperialism?

It was used to justify Anglo-Saxon superiority and the belief that the U.S. had a responsibility to spread civilization.