REGENERATIVE MEDICINE : STEM CELLS

Regenerative Medicine

Process of replacing, engineering, or regnativing human cells, tissuse and or orgains to restore and establish normal function

Bioreactor

Device that helped maintain biologically environment needed to grow living cells

Stem Cells

Special types of cells that have 3 propities being

• can self renew

• are unspecialized

• able to differentiate

Cell Potency

A stem cells ability to differentiate into different cell types;

• Totipotent: Can become any cell after fertizalation has taken place ( give rise to placenta/embryo 0

• Pluripotent: Can become many cell types ( any ESC not placenta

• Multipotent: Can become a subset of cell typesin embryo ( already differnated to certain point that cannot become other 0

Embryonic Stem Cells

Pluripotent Stem Cells derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst that is able to renew indefinitely and differnative to 3 different germlines

• Ectoderm ( exoskelton/outer )

• Mesoderm ( develop into organs/middle )

• Endoderm ( form inner lining of organs/inner )

These cell types however due to being pluripotent can create Teratomas ( tissues from more than one germ line )

Adult Stem Cells

Undifferentiated multipoint cells existing in differentiated tissues

• Can only renew themselves a certain number of times

• Are ethically uncomplicated

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

A type of stem cells that give rise to all blood types ( myeloid and lymphoid lineages )

• Able to provide the 100 billion new blood cells the body need daily

• Used to treat blood disorders/leukemia

Autologous Hematopietic Stem Cell Transplant

An immunosuppressive chemotherapy treatment used to rebuild a patient immune system combined with reinfusion of blood stem cells

• 1.) Administer pre-treament to release blood stem cells to bloodstream

• 2.) Collect blood stem cells from blood stream

• 3.) Freeze blood stem cells until needed

• 4.) Administer chemotherapy to remove or partially remove immune system

• 5.) Administer thawed blood stem cells back to patient through infusion

• 6.)Provide supportive medical treatment as immune system rebuilds

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Typically derived from bone marrow stromal cells that are important to treat bone defeats, cardiac, and cartilage repair

• Typically specialized cells from skeletal tissue

Induced Pluporient Stem Cells

Cells that are derived from non-pluripotent sources ( typical adult somatic cells ) by forcing the expression of certain genes

• IPC can be removed from a pateint to either create disease models to create the nessacary speflic drug treatments, repair gene itself from IPC, or create hepatocytes to be transplanted or give to patients

Safety Concerns of Stem Cell Treatments

• Reaction at administration sites

• Ability of moving locations and changing inappropriate cells

• Not being effective

• Growing tumors