Diversity practice

Arthropods as a group display metamerism, a body comprised of similar segments that can become

specialized to perform different functions. Choose among the following the list that ranks arthropods with

least to most specialization among segments:

a. Myriapods, crustaceans, chelicerates, hexapods

b. Chelicerates, myriapods, crustaceans, hexapods

c. Hexapods, crustaceans, chelicerates, myriapods

d. Chelicerates, crustacteans, myriapods, hexapods

e. Myriapods, hexapods, chelicerates, crustacean

A

Which of the following incorrectly identifies the location where meiosis occurs in these land plants?

a. Ferns- sporangia on undersides of leaves

b. Gymnosperms- in cones

c. Angiosperms- in certain organs of the flower

d. Moss- in the antheridium and archegonium (where sperm and eggs are produced).

e. All of the above correctly identify where meiosis occurs

D

Which of the following is an example of cell division after which one daughter cell forms a secondary wall

but its sister does not?

a. Cell division in the vascular cambium to produce a tracheid

b. Formation of guard cells in epidermal stomata

c. Cell division in the root apical meristem

d. Cell division in the vascular cambium to produce a sieve element

e. Cell division in a layer under the epidermis of a developing leaf

A

Cholera

produces an exotoxin, which:

a. is a product of the immune system attacking the pathogen

b. is composed of lipopolysaccharides from the breakdown of the outer cell membrane

c. is a protein produced by living Vibrio and secreted into the host (intestine)

d. Is less deadly in immune-compromised people

e. Both C and D

C

All eukaryotes exhibit sexual reproduction but life cycles in different groups vary. Which of the following

best describes that variability?

a. All eukaryotes undergo fusion, but only animals also undergo meiosis

b. All eukaryotes undergo both fusion and meiosis, but only plants undergo mitosis

c. All eukaryotes undergo fusion, meiosis, and mitotis, but mitosis occurs only after fusion in animals and some

protists

d. In protists, mitosis results in sister cells that adhere to make a multicellular body

e. In animals, meiosis reduces chromosome number but in plants meiosis increases it

C

This summer Iowa saw two deaths from infections by a so-called brain-eating amoebas. The protist

responsible for the infection is actually a member of the Excavates. Excavates are as closely related to

amoebas as corn plants are to:

a. Wheat plants

b. Soybeans

c. Pine trees

d. Diatoms

e. Vibrio cholerae

D

Virus classification is based on:

a. Whether the host is plant, animal, or bacteria

b. How similar their rRNA genes are

c. What kind of nucleic acid comprises their genomes

d. Whether their DNA has a right- or left-handed helix

e. Whether they enter the nucleus of a host or stay in the cytoplasm

C

Which of the following does/did not have an amniotic egg?

a. Turtle

b. Chicken

c. Frog

d. Tyrannosaurus rex

e. Platypus

C

19. Examples of green algae include those that are single cells, like Chlamydomonas (left), colonial, like

Gonium (middle), and multicellular, like Volvox (right). The differences among them are the result of all except

which of the following?

a. In single cells, mitosis is followed by cell separation.

b. Colonial species are special because they only

reproduce asexually and thus never undergo meiosis.

c. In colonial species, mitosis results in clusters of

identical cells

d. In multicellular species, mitosis is followed by cell differentiation.

e. In multicellular species, mitosis is not followed by cell separation

B

Fungi and animals in are in the same superkingdom. Which of the following traits is incorrectly assigned to

these two clades?

a. Internal digestion-animals vs. external digestion-fungi

b.A single, posterior flagellum in both

c.Chitin in both

d.Fungi can be single celled or multicellular but animals are always multicellular

e.Cell walls in both

E

Which of the following statements is not true of axillary buds in shoots?

a. They are the source of branches during vegetative growth

b. They are the source of flowers during reproductive growth

c. They originate from the pericycle, a layer of cells just outside the vascular tissue.

d. They contain a shoot meristem plus newly formed leaves or floral organs

e. They are found at the base of a leaf, where the petiole joins the stem

C

Although multicellularity in the ancestors of the flowering plants (angiosperms) and triploblastic (having 3

body layers) animals evolved independently, phylogenies based on genome sequences revealed that the

feature that distinguishes the primary subdivision within both of those 2 groups is:

a. Embryo organization

b. Whether meiosis occurs immediately before or immediately after fertilization

c. How they avoid dessication (drying out) in terrestrial environments

d. Symmetry

e. How they transport fluids through a large body

A

Unlike animals whose diversification of form occurred both in aquatic and terrestrial environments, the

diversification of plants was driven largely by selection of traits that allowed them to succeed in

terrestrial/aerial environments. Which of the following lists the traits in order they evolved?

a. Seeds, vascular tissue, leaves, flowers

b. Vascular tissue, seeds, leaves, flowers

c. Vascular tissue, leaves, seeds, flowers

d. Leaves, seeds, vascular tissue, flowers

e. Seeds, flowers, vascular tissue, leaves

C

Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts are often described collectively as nonvascular plants as they lack

differentiated cell types specialized for transport of fluids. They also differ from other land plants in having:

a. A dominant sporophyte generation

b. Swimming sperm

c. No chloroplasts

d. No organized nuclei

e. A dominant gametophyte generation

E

A photosynthetic, multicellular eukaryote having 2 unequal flagella is most likely a member of:

a. Opisthokonts

b. Stamenopiles

c. Excavates

d. Amoebozoans

e. Rhizaria

B

When water is taken up by a root hair, where does it go next?

A. It enters the cytoplasm of a cortical cell

B. It is drawn to the cell wall of a cortical cell

C. It enters the cytoplasm of an endodermal cell

D. It is drawn to the cell wall of an endodermal cell

E. Either A or B

E

The enzyme cellulase can be used to remove the cell wall from cells in small samples of leaf tissue without

damaging the contents of the cells, which stay alive. If a so-called protoplast, with a water potential of -0.7

was placed in a solution with a water potential of -0.6, at equibrium:

A. The protoplast would shrInk

B. The protoplast would swell

C. The protoplast would burst

D. The protoplast would regenerate a cell wall and then stay the same size

E. The protoplast would neither gain nor lose water

C

The first molecular phylogenies were constructed by comparing the sequence of rRNA from different

organisms. Which of the following was not part of the choice to use that starting material?

a. rRNA is present in all cells

b. rRNA molecules are extremely long and thus provide a great deal of sequence for comparison

c. Protein synthesis being essential for life, components of ribosomes evolve especially slowly

d. Ribosomes have only 3 kinds of rRNA, which can be separated and purified by standard biochemical

protocols

e. Ribosomes can be extracted from cells by standard biochemical protocols

B

.When fully differentiated, none of these cell types can synthesize new proteins except:

A. Tracheids

B. Fibers

C. Sieve elements

D. Pericycle cells

E. Vessel elements

D

Plants exhibit indeterminate growth, thanks to the action of clusters of “stem cells” located at the tips of

the shoot and root. The special nature of these meristem cells is that

A. They continually divide so they never get a chance to differentiate

B. They never differentiate so that they can continue to divide

C. Their cell walls lack cellulose

D. Their nuclei do not transcribe genes

E. They lack organelles

B

Which of the following does not stimulate stomatal opening?

A. Blue light

B. Low CO2 levels

C. Circadian rhythms

D. Wilting

E. Neither C nor DD

D

In a typical eudicot leaf, most of the chloroplasts are found in the

a. upper epidermal cells.

b. palisade mesophyll cells.

c. bundle sheath cells.

d. phloem cells.

e. guard cells.

B

Which of the following is the best diagnostic feature that would allow you to determine whether a

cylindrical portion of a plant was stem and not root?

a. Presence of axillary buds

b. Vertical growth

c. Growing above ground

d. Serving as a storage organ

e. Primary growth at one tip

A

Which of the following statements about secondary growth is incorrect?

a. Primary xylem and primary phloem are pushed further and further apart

b. Only gymnosperms and some eudicots can increase in girth by secondary growth

c. Differentiating daughter cells closer to the center of the stem are likely to become a sieve element

d. Cell division resumes in ground tissue between vascular bundles

e. Cell divisions in the cambium contribute cells to make more xylem, more phloem, and more cambium

C

Arthropods as a group display metamerism, a body comprised of similar segments that can become

specialized to perform different functions. Choose among the following the list that ranks arthropods with

least to most specialization among segments:

a. Myriapods, crustaceans, chelicerates, hexapods

b. Chelicerates, myriapods, crustaceans, hexapods

c. Hexapods, crustaceans, chelicerates, myriapods

d. Chelicerates, crustacteans, myriapods, hexapods

e. Myriapods, hexapods, chelicerates, crustaceans

A