Flashcards Respiratory system in humans: Human Physiology, Biology, NEET

Respiration

The physiological process involving the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by cells of the body.

Lungs

Paired organs consisting of alveoli where gas exchange between air and blood takes place.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

Bronchi

The two main air passages that branch off from the trachea into the lungs.

Diaphragm

The dome-shaped muscle that plays a major role in respiration by contracting and expanding the lungs.

Trachea

The windpipe, a tube that connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs.

Tidal Volume

The volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breathing cycle.

Vital Capacity

The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation.

Pharynx

The cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus.

Larynx

Commonly called the voice box, it is located between the pharynx and the trachea.

External Respiration

The exchange of gases between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.

Internal Respiration

The exchange of gases between the blood in systemic capillaries and the tissue cells.

Surfactant

A substance composed of lipids and proteins which reduces the surface tension of fluid in the lungs.

Pleura

The serous membrane that envelops the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity.

Oxygen Transport

The process of carrying oxygen from the lungs to the cells through the blood.

CO2 Transport

The process of carrying carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs for exhalation.

Pulmonary Ventilation

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs.

Boyle's Law

A principle that describes the inverse relationship between pressure and volume in the thoracic cavity during breathing.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make breathing difficult.

Hyperventilation

An abnormal increase in breathing rate, resulting in reduced carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

Asthma

A common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by recurring symptoms and reversible airflow obstruction.

Emphysema

A condition involving damage to the alveoli in the lungs, causing breathlessness.

Respiratory Membrane

The membrane in the lungs across which oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion occurs.

Partial Pressure

The pressure exerted by a single type of gas in a mixture of gases.

Hemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells responsible for binding to oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Inspiration

The process of taking air into the lungs.

Expiration

The process of expelling air from the lungs.