JB Learning Test Prep: Airway and Breathing

Snoring respirations in an unresponsive patient most likely are the result of

A. foreign body airway obstruction.

B. upper airway obstruction by the tongue.

C. collapse of the trachea during breathing.

Snoring respirations in an unresponsive patient most likely are the result of
A. foreign body airway obstruction.
B. upper airway obstruction by the tongue.
C. collapse of the trachea during breathing.
D. swelling of the larynx and surrounding structures.

upper airway obstruction by the tongue

A patient overdosed on heroin and is unresponsive. he is cyanotic; he has slow, shallow breathing; and his oxygen saturation is 80%. The primary cause of this patient's condition is inadequate:

A. perfusion

B. ventilation

C. respiration

A patient overdosed on heroin and is unresponsive. he is cyanotic; he has slow, shallow breathing; and his oxygen saturation is 80%. The primary cause of this patient's condition is inadequate:
A. perfusion
B. ventilation
C. respiration
D. oxygenation

ventilation

Which of the following clinical findings is MOST consistent with a chronic respiratory disease?

a. an irregular pulse

b. a barrel-shaped chest

c. altered mental status

Which of the following clinical findings is MOST consistent with a chronic respiratory disease?
a. an irregular pulse
b. a barrel-shaped chest
c. altered mental status
d. use of accessory muscles

a barrel-shaped chest

Which of the following processes occurs during cellular/capillary gas exchange?

a. the cells give up o2 to the cap.

b. the cells receive co2 from the cap

c. the cap give up o2 to the cells

Which of the following processes occurs during cellular/capillary gas exchange?
a. the cells give up o2 to the cap.
b. the cells receive co2 from the cap
c. the cap give up o2 to the cells
d. the cap give up co2 to the cells

the cap give up o2 to the cells

Oxygen that is administered through a nasal cannula would be of LEAST benefit to a patient who:

A. breathes through his or her mouth

B. is in need of long term therapy

c. has copd and an o2 sat of 94%

Oxygen that is administered through a nasal cannula would be of LEAST benefit to a patient who:
A. breathes through his or her mouth
B. is in need of long term therapy
c. has copd and an o2 sat of 94%
d. is breathing more than 12 times per minutes

breathes through his or her mouth

what is the function of pulmonary surfactant?

It lubricates the alveolar walls and allows them to expand and recoil.

Which of the following injuries or condition should be managed first?

bleeding within the oral cavity

An unresponsive apneic patient's chest fails to rise after two ventilation attempts. you should

immediately proceed to chest compressions

You receive a call for a 49-year-old woman who passed out. The patient's husband tells you that they were watching TV when the incident occurred. No trauma was involved. The patient is semiconscious and has cyanosis to her lips. After opening her airway with the head tilt-chin lift maneuver, you should:

insert a NPA

You are administering oxygen at 15 L/min to a patient with respiratory distress. If you are using a D cylinder (cylinder constant, 0.16), which reads 1500 psi, how long will it take before you need to replace the oxygen cylinder?

14 minutes

The MOST appropriate treatment for a semiconscious patient with slow, shallow respirations includes:

a nasopharyngeal airway and assisted ventilation with a bag-valve-mask device.

To ensure you deliver the highest concentration of oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask, you should:

make sure that the reservoir bag is preinflated.

While managing a patient with acute shortness of breath, you attempt to apply a nonrebreathing mask set at 12 L/min. The patient pulls the mask away from his face, stating that it is smothering him. You should:

reassure the patient and apply a nasal cannula instead.

Which of the following ventilation techniques will enable you to provide the greatest tidal volume AND allow you to effectively assess lung compliance?

One-rescuer mouth-to-mask ventilation

At the peak of the inspiratory phase, the alveoli in the lungs contain:

more oxygen than carbon dioxide.

The active, muscular part of breathing is called:

inhalation

Which of the following processes occurs during inhalation?

The intercostal muscles and diaphragm both contract.

An inaccurate pulse oximetry reading may be caused by:

severe peripheral vasoconstriction.

Which of the following patients has signs of inadequate breathing?

41-year-old woman with shallow respirations of 14 breaths/min

A patient with a mild foreign body airway obstruction:

is typically not cyanotic

Which of the following statements regarding the head tilt-chin lift maneuver is correct?

It should be used in conjunction with an appropriate airway adjunct.

Which of the following patients obviously needs positive-pressure ventilation assistance?

Responsive to pain only; respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min and shallow

Patients with a hypoxic drive:

are stimulated to breathe by low oxygen levels in the blood.

When suctioning copious secretions from a semiconscious adult's airway, you should:

avoid touching the back of the airway with the suction catheter.

A 50-year-old man, who fell approximately 20 feet and landed on a hard surface, is semiconscious. You should:

stabilize his head while performing the jaw-thrust maneuver

Ventilation is defined as the:

movement of air into and out of the lungs.

A patient's skin will MOST likely become cyanotic if he or she has:

a decrease in the amount of arterial oxygen.

During your assessment of a trauma patient, you note massive facial injuries, weak radial pulses, and clammy skin. What should be your MOST immediate concern?

Potential obstruction of the airway

During your assessment of an unresponsive adult female, you determine that she is apneic. You should:

assess for a carotid pulse.

A 60-year-old woman has severe respiratory distress. She is conscious, but confused, and can only say two words at a time. Which of the following would be the MOST appropriate treatment for her?

Ventilation with a bag-valve-mask device

A 60-year-old woman presents with acute respiratory distress. She is conscious and alert, but restless. Her respiratory rate is 26 breaths/min with adequate chest expansion, her breath sounds are clear to auscultation bilaterally, and her oxygen saturation is 84%. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate treatment for this patient?

Supplemental oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask

Which of the following devices is contraindicated in patients with blunt thoracic trauma?

oxygen-powered ventilator

You are ventilating an apneic 50-year-old woman with a bag-valve-mask device. After squeezing the bag and noting visible chest rise, you should:

allow the patient to completely exhale.

An elderly man is found lying unresponsive next to his bed. The patient's wife did not witness the events that led to his unresponsiveness. You should immediately:

grasp the angles of the lower jaw and lift.

A 33-year-old female presents with acute respiratory distress. She is conscious but anxious, and tells you that she has a history of asthma. She took two puffs of her albuterol inhaler prior to your arrival, but states that it did not help. Her oxygen saturation reads 89% and you hear diffuse wheezing while auscultating her lungs. You should:

administer high-flow oxygen, contact medical control to request permission to assist her with another albuterol treatment, and prepare for transport.

All of the following would cause an increased level of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood, EXCEPT:

deep, rapid breathing.

You are ventilating an apneic adult with a bag-valve-mask device and high-flow oxygen. Her pulse rate is 130 beats/min and she has cyanosis to her face and chest. The MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed ventilations in this patient is:

a decrease in her heart rate to 90 beats/min.

An elderly woman with COPD is semiconscious with labored breathing. Her face is cyanotic, her pulse is rapid and weak, and her oxygen saturation is 75%. You should:

ventilate her with a bag-valve-mask device and high-flow oxygen.

The method by which you administer supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic patient depends MOSTLY on the:

severity of hypoxemia and adequacy of breathing.

Which of the following airway sounds indicates a lower airway obstruction?

wheezing

The lower airway begins at the:

larynx

The MOST effective way to determine if you are providing adequate volume during artificial ventilation is:

assessing the chest for adequate rise.

Signs of inadequate breathing in an unresponsive patient include:

cyanotic oral mucosa

A patient overdosed on several drugs and is unresponsive with shallow breathing and facial cyanosis. As you continue your assessment, the patient suddenly vomits. You should:

turn the patient onto his side.

A 56-year-old man has labored, shallow breathing at a rate of 28 breaths/min. He is responsive to pain only. You should:

insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisting his ventilations.

Occasional, irregular breaths that may be observed in a cardiac arrest patient are called:

agonal gasps

A 50-year-old woman presents with acute shortness of breath. Her skin is pale and she is anxious. You should:

administer high-flow oxygen and assess the adequacy of her breathing.

Which of the following describes the correct technique for inserting a nasopharyngeal airway?

Insert the device with the bevel facing the septum.

During the inhalation phase of breathing:

pressure within the thorax decreases and air is drawn into the lungs.

A 22-year-old male has a shard of glass impaled in his cheek. You look inside his mouth and see minor bleeding. The patient is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. You should:

carefully stabilize the shard of glass and allow him to suction his own mouth.

An unresponsive patient's respirations are 28 breaths/min and shallow. The MOST appropriate treatment includes:

assisted ventilations with 100% oxygen.

Medications such as albuterol (Ventolin) relieve respiratory distress by:

relaxing the smooth muscle of the bronchioles.

A patient who is breathing with reduced tidal volume would MOST likely have:

shallow respirations

Which of the following would MOST likely cause a reduction in tidal volume?

Unequal chest expansion

Prior to applying a nonrebreathing mask on a patient with difficulty breathing and signs of hypoxemia, you should:

prefill the reservoir bag to ensure a high oxygen concentration.

Tidal volume is defined as the:

volume of air inhaled or exhaled per breath.

In which of the following situations would you MOST likely encounter agonal gasps?

Shortly after the patient becomes unresponsive and pulseless

When ventilating an apneic patient with a bag-valve-mask device, each breath should be delivered over:

1 sec

The tidal volume of an unresponsive patient is rapidly assessed by:

observing for chest rise during inhalation.

In which position would you expect a patient with severe dyspnea to be found?

fowlers

A young female experienced massive facial trauma and is unresponsive. After several attempts, you are unable to adequately open her airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver. You should:

carefully tilt her head back and lift up on her chin.

Hypoxia is defined as:

inadequate oxygen to the body's cells and tissues.

Shallow breathing is an indication of:

decreased tidal volume

Which of the following would MOST likely occur if an adult patient is breathing at a rate of 45 breaths/min with shallow depth?

Most of his or her inhaled air will not go beyond the anatomic dead space.

A 40-year-old man is conscious, but has an increased rate of breathing. You should:

assess the regularity and quality of breathing.

After an adult cardiac arrest patient has been intubated by a paramedic, you are providing ventilations as your partner performs chest compressions. When ventilating the patient, you should:

deliver each breath over 1 second at a rate of 10 breaths/min.

Which of the following statements regarding artificial ventilation of an apneic patient who has dentures is correct?

Tight-fitting dentures should be left in place because they facilitate the delivery of adequate tidal volume.

You are performing abdominal thrusts on a 19-year-old male with a severe airway obstruction when he becomes unresponsive. After lowering him to the ground and placing him in a supine position, you should:

begin CPR, starting with chest compressions.

When ventilating an unresponsive apneic adult with a bag-valve-mask device, you should ensure that:

an airway adjunct has been inserted.

You are dispatched to a residence for an elderly female who has possibly suffered a stroke. You find her lying supine in her bed. She is semiconscious; has vomited; and has slow, irregular breathing. You should:

manually open her airway and suction her oropharynx.

An unresponsive 60-year-old male is apneic and has a weak, rapid pulse. His oxygen saturation reads 79%. You should:

deliver one breath over 1 second every 5 to 6 seconds.

Assessment of a 40-year-old patient reveals respiratory distress, tachycardia, audible expiratory wheezing, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. The EMT should suspect:

diffuse bronchoconstriction.

If the level of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood increases:

the respiratory rate and depth increase.

If an adult patient presents with a respiratory rate of 26 breaths/min, your initial action should be to:

evaluate his mental status and the depth of his respirations.

Prior to your arrival, a woman experiencing an asthma attack took two puffs from her prescribed inhaler without relief. After administering supplemental oxygen, you should:

contact medical control for further advice.

In which of the following situations should the jaw-thrust maneuver be used?

When the mechanism of injury is unknown

In which position should you place an uninjured, unresponsive patient with a respiratory rate of 14 breaths/min and adequate tidal volume?

lateral recumbent

Which of the following signs or symptoms is MOST indicative of cerebral hypoxia?

decreased LOC

Which of the following yields the lowest minute volume?

Respiratory rate of 14 breaths/min; tidal volume of 300 mL

A 60-year-old female is found unresponsive. She is cyanotic, is making a snoring sound, and has a slow respiratory rate. You should:

manually open her airway