Physics - 10 Force and Motion - 10.1 Force and Acceleration & 10.2 Weight and Terminal Velocity & 10.3 Forces and Braking

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22 Terms

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force =

mass x acceleration

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F =

ma

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Newton's second law of motion [2]

- acceleration is proportional to resultant force on object
- acceleration is inversely proportional to mass of object

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Proportionality statement for F = ma

F ∝ ma

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Inertia

tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion

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Inertial mass

measure of an object's resistance to any type of force

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Inertial mass =

force ÷ acceleration

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Weight

measure of the force of gravity on an object

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Mass

measure of the amount of matter in an object

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Weight vs. mass [2]

- mass is quantity of matter
- weight is force of gravity upon that matter

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Unit of weight

newtons, N

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Unit of mass

kilograms, kg

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weight =

mass x gravitational field strength

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W =

mg

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Unit of gravitational field strength

newtons per kilogram, N/kg

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Terminal velocity

greatest velocity a falling object can reach

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When does an object reach terminal velocity? [4]

- frictional force is equal and opposite to weight
- so resultant force is zero
- so acceleration is zero
- so the velocity remains constant

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Stopping distance

shortest distance a vehicle can safely stop in

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Stopping distance =

thinking distance + braking distance

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Thinking distance

distance travelled by the vehicle in the time it takes the driver to react

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Braking distance

distance travelled by the vehicle after applying the brakes

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Factors affecting stopping distances [4]

- awareness of driver
- vehicle speed
- adverse road conditions
- poor vehicle maintenance